Ebenezer Howard

It is said that there were two major institutions in the beginning of the twentieth century the invention of the airplane, and Ebenezer Howards creation of the Garden City. In the 19th century, as a response to extremes of the capitalist order and an alternative to the industrial city, communitarian activity started to search new forms of community. Ebenezer Howard cropped up a new type of human solution which is more rational for an industrial age, The Garden City. It was a new form of social and economic coaction with a control and order.Howard aimed to reverse the congestion and spread of the large city through new form of planned community. To build a garden city, Howard take money to procure land. He decided to get funding from gentlemen of responsible position and undoubted probity and honor. He giveed the Garden City Association in 1899, although it took forty years to win a serious consideration from the g everywherenment. By 1945, government noticed the problems of so me form of planning and it was the Howards contribution to convert a nonconformist muckle of community developed in nineteenth century reform circles.The most significant thing is that Howards utopian spirit was the transitional figure which connected 19th century reformers to 20th century professional planners. Ebenezer Howard had a better vision for town community life to extirpate the congestion in English cities to build self sufficient colonies in agricultural land. He knew that larger cities didnt create large communities but created alienated alone(p) separate people whom lacked the sense of a community. According to Howards aspect Garden City was the key to bring man to a natural order that would further the social associations necessary for individual fulfillment.In the late 1880s it all started with the Howards alluring dream of co-operative commonwealth that would end social discord. With the vehemence he gained from the Edward Bellamys Looking Backward, he started working on technocratic-socialist utopia. By the early 1890s Howard started to contact with two groups who were interested in starting colonies. This base of colonies was first mentioned in Alfred Marshalls article. He urged that in order to relieve the unemployment and congestion of Londons slums, colonies of factory workers should be placed on agricultural land out of the core.For Howard, the crowded city was the reason that communities cant survive and the reason for that is the size. So he proposed a communal settlement with a population 32. 000 of to maintain the idea of a community. In his bookss first chapter he formuliazed the ideal city. 6000 acres of cheap rural land be to be purchased, 1000 of which are reserved for the city. A 32,000 person population cap is set, after which a new city will have to be colonized. As far as the design goes, Howard wants to make it as little like the overcrowded London of his day as possible, so public parks and secluded lawns are every where.The roads are incredibly wide, ranging from 120 to 420 feet for the Grand Avenue, and they are radial rather than linear. Commercial, industrial, residential, and public uses are clearly differentiated from individually other spatially. With the foundation of The Land Nationalization Society, by Alfred Wallace, the idea of creating labor colonies outside cities to reduce redundancy of joblessness in the urban centers occurred. At one of the meetings of this Society, Howard proposed the formation of a Co-operative Commonwealth, which was described as the subject of a good deal of discussion in recent months in advance circles.This scheme was supposed to remove the landlord and there would be experiments of capitalism. According to Howards beliefs Garden City, including the colony systems, was the practical answers to planning problems and should have attracted the majority of the public to start the community. Despite his thoughts, many writers found his ideas ridiculous wi th the belief of towns are not created they grow In spite of all the negative feedbacks, The Land Nationalization Society remained important in Howards efforts to create a Garden City Association in 1899.For the first years of Associations, it was all about propaganda rather than action. With the lectures, interviews, and tracts Howards ideology became widespread and started to be considered as practical and successful. Within few months many council members, engineers, businessmen, architects had joined the Association. Between 1900 and 1901, membership number rose to 500. However, there was no donation enough to buy an estate and place factories. By the end of the 1901, Ralph Neville, Liberal politician and Kings Counsel attended the Association.With his support, events speeded up, in the mean time Howard slipped into a lower-ranking position in the Association. With this changes, also the original scheme changed significantly into a more controlled company. The real idea of the association became a chance and chaos in urban growth. Howards garden city became confused in the public minds with a type of low-density suburban development. After Thomas Adam and Ewart Culpin took over the control of the Association, they started the umbrella organization for all housing and planning activity. The whole idea of Howards got lost.After eight years of Howards death Osborn became active in the Association and tried to resume Howards ideology. After World War I, Association played an important role in British town planning. We sure as shooting believe the fact with the concept that Ebenezer Howards concept was an make an effort to remove capitalists so as it was accomplished despite its some time to what could be done. It was very obvious that his concepts opended up many individuals horizans according to providing a new concept of resident Ebenezer Howard was a great men for urban planning who provided the vision and details of a community for both town and country life.He believed that these two life should be married together in small Garden Cities, each with its own greenbelt. He promoted well-planned towns with careful land zoning and a quality of life. A Garden City would have well designed houses with gardens set in tree lined avenues, clean and healthy work places and a pleasant and healthy environment in which to live, work and follow leisure pursuits. His purpose is to find a healthy, natural, and economic combination of town and country life through a balance of work and leisure.In this goal, Howard reflects the ideal and harmonious relationship between the labor and garden. Industry and agriculture coexist in his ideal community, as do city and countryside, utopia and arcadia. Howards sense of balance, in this case, the concentric circles of the Garden City intersected by unsubtle boulevards, assumes that ideal forms will shape and perfect human functions. The overall goal for Howard is to combine the traditional countryside with t he traditional town.For too long residents have had to make the unfulfilling weft between living in a culturally isolated rural area or giving up nature to live in a city, but human society and the beauty of nature are meant to be enjoyed together. As he sees it, in a rather Hegelian fashion, in our opinion the two magnets of Town and Country that have in the past pulled people in either direction will, in the future, be synthesized into one Town-Country magnet. Green belt out hich was a part of Howards aim was developed for places which did not develop more, it was more like a limitation for cities . However, although that was not a certain remedy, places march on growing. As far as we learn in city planning, cities are living formations which reshape in years over and over again. At the selfsame(prenominal) time, even though this idea was developed as a feature of non-urban and town which keep growing and its inhabitants increase, this suggestions stayed poor.In conclusion, in spite of this information , the solution for a citites future life depent on the decision of the right problem. Maybe the restriction of population and ground may not be work in right aways societies, but Howards proposal could be modified and then, be used. We could modernize it easily in more ecological manner. We could locate it on a brownfield, for example, and follow a more urban, transect based planning scheme. In doing so, according to us, we can keep the heart of Howards vision while reforming the logistics per our more advanced knowledge.