Market

The product as the first p something that is taken to the market to be noniced, sold, applied, or consumed which is realizable to satisfy a need or desire. Product can be a physical object, servicing, location, shaping, or even an Idea or purpose (Mob All et al, 1385 195). The ultimate goal of organizations Is to produce the products which are better and original In one or more aspects compared with others to be welcomed by customers and chafe them to pay well for each product (Cutler, 1791379).Vaginal in an article with the backing of McDonald the globalization thought y using marketing mix states that in marketing mix, McDonald has offered its product by creating a standard procedure that is the kindred in all parts of the world, according to the tastes and traditions of unlike countries and their laws. For instance, Big mackintosh is served without cheese in Israel, or it is served in Indian McDonalds restaurants with specific types of vegetables and birth meat. And also the limitations which are imposed by various religions are considered (vaginal, 2001 99). 1. mark The name and logo of a product is an Important component of well-groundeds in consumers sews, and the brand name adds abide by to every goods. For example, consumers consider a feeding bottle of cologne with famous brand name, as an expensive and high- quality merchandise. further If this bottle lacks any Indication of the brand, even If the flavor is similar, shall be considered as low quality merchandise. The brand differentiates the goods and services that are offered by competitors. A good brand makes the consumer loyal. A research showed that among the present dish laundry liquids, the housewives are the most loyal to Gold,Jam, and Risk.These three groups f customers buy their desire dish washing liquid regularly. The interesting point was that all customers look at considered the same characteristics for a good dish washing liquid (e. G. cleaning power, concentration, h igh foam, etc). But it was believed that only the dish washing liquid that is bought by them (In other words, they are loyal to) has all those qualities. In other words, those who bought name and address dish washing liquid believed that Goal has all the qualities of a good product, and those who bought Jam, thought that Jam Is better than other dish washing liquids Assimilate, 1851381).According to the arguments presented, the value of brand name can lead to a products reputation and foundation of high quality product to its customers, make a very industrial-strength image in the minds of customers, and become one of the major assets of a company. 1. 2. packaging There is 8000 years statistics about packing in which packaging has been employ as the containers were made of clay and glaze rough mats in Mesopotamia and Egypt. The customers range a product through its packaging. Package transfers the producers assuage to the buyer and communicates and exchanges cultivation betwe en them.The packaging gives Identity to the product, and protects the protect against Impact, moisture, climatic conditions, odors, fumes, vibration, microorganisms, pressure, collapse and Insects (spearheaded, 1384 13). withal the packaging protects the goods, makes adolescently, beauty, product safety, easier storage of goods and products (Smiles Pour, 1921381). If the package is done in a great way, it gains interest to Pricing, is the monetary value of goods and services or the make sense of benefit that nonusers particularly pay for the benefits of having or using the product or service.Pricing simply means determining the price for the product or service (Ecological et al. , 1385 1). Vaginal states that McDonalds in price marketing mix used different strategies for pricing in different countries. For example, it used strategies such as equal establish on the target strategy, the ultimate cost plus a percentage of profit, or prestigious pricing. For example, a Big Mac in the United States is same to 14 minutes work of a thespian a day, but in a country like Nigeria it is equivalent to several hours of work (2001 101 vaginal).Types of pricing methods in dealing with competitors The competitors whitethorn price their products in four ways 1 . Pricing based on cooperation the price is depositd by cooperation and consensus with partners. This situation occurs mostly in competitive oligopolies markets. 2. Adaptive pricing market leader and main shareholders determine the price, and the others price their products according to them. Opportunistic pricing n some markets, when a supplier increases the price for its products, a rival that has good resources might not change the price of its product.Sometimes, in the case of the increase in prices by a producer, the rival increases the prices, but tries to offer more services to attract part of customers of the company which first increased prices. This method is called opportunistic pricing. 4. relatiative pricing some suppliers who are able and good facilities, in regularise to eliminate smaller competitors, lower prices for their products. Sometimes this method will moment in removal of small suppliers from the market (Flask, 1386 169).According to the arguments presented, the pricing strategy of a product, when the product is part of a group of products, has different characteristics. In this case, the organization considers overall prices of one group in order to maximize profits. The firms, afterwards codifying pricing strategy, are faced with conditions in which they are compelled to reduce or increase prices, and marketers need to respond to the change in pricing strategies and school other strategies.

Cornell University Johnson Graduate School Of Management

conventional pay theories assume that pecuniary securities industry place participants ar rational, and argue that the fiscal merchandise place is always effectual and prices be always right. behavioral finance, on the former(a) hand, argues that securities grocery store prices can be wrong, and that a lot of financial merchandise phenomena can plausibly be understood only under the boldness that some market participants argon non fully rational. This r turn upe gives an demonstration to behavioral finance, and discusses its applications in investment management. We pull up stakes scratch introduce the abstract framework of behavioral finance, and then apply the framework to the study of somebody root trading and portfolio management. Topics covered in the naturally include limits of arbitrage (i. e. why beginning market mispricing can persist), investor psychology and behavior (and how to overhaul our own irrational moldes in stock trading), stock index pred ictability and market timing, stock portfolios that were shown to beat the market (including rank, momentum, size, earnings quality, loudness, earnings management, and many separate effects), and applications of behavioral finance in quantitative as place management. As a summary of the course, we impart apply the conceptual framework of behavioral finance to the concord of Chinas financial market (as an example of appear markets).PREREQUISITES You must have taken an introductory level finance course that covers basic topics such as stocks and bonds, the CAPM, and the in force(p) market hypothesis. COMMUNICATING WITH ME My force hours ar Monday, 430-600pm. You should also feel free to communicate with me by email. 1 TEXTBOOK AND SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS The essential textbook is Richard H. Thaler (ed. ), Advances in behavioural Finance, Vol. II, Russell Sage asylum and Princeton University Press, 2005. For each session, there will be required reading and (occasionally) opt ional reading. wholly required readings are either included in the course packet or will be handed pop in contour. every(prenominal) optional readings will be posted on Blackboard. All ramifyroom handouts will also be posted on Blackboard. The following books are optional supplementary readings and can be purchased in many bookstores or from online vendors. Behavioral Finance A Users Guide, by James Montier, Wiley Finance Series, 2002. ? An entrance of behavioral finance from a practitioners perspective. Advances in Behavioral Finance, edited by Richard Thaler. The first off good deal preceding our textbook. Contains some important early academic articles on behavioral finance. Irrational Exuberance, by Robert Shiller. ? A great book on the Internet bubble. The Myth of the Rational Market A History of Risk, Reward, and lying on Wall Street, by Justin Fox (2009). ? On the history of streamlined market theory and behavioral finance. Behavioral Finance and Wealth focusing H ow to Build Optimal Portfolio That Account for Investor Biases, by Michael M. Pompian. ? Written from the perspective of a wealth manager and practitioner.When Genius Failed, by Roger Lowenstein. ? An account of LTCM failure. CLASS readying There will be a reading, as well as an occasional eggshell assignment, to prepare for each session. You are judge to be prepared for each session by doing the reading and working on the assignment for the wooing. Each someone is required to turn in the case assignment prior to the class during which the case is discussed. Those listed in the syllabus are subject to change during the semester, which will be announced in class when applicable. 2 GRADINGThe grade will be based on conundrum redresss (10%), class participation and case assignments (10%), an exam (50%), and the final individual status project (30%). PROBLEM SETS Three caper sets will be appoint during the course, with the following preliminary schedule job Set 1 riddle Set 2 Problem Set 3 Assignment visualise 10/17 (Wed) seance 2 10/29 (Mon) posing 5 11/7 (Wed) academic session 8 Due employment 10/24 (Wed) session 4 11/5 (Mon) session 7 11/ 14 (Wed) academic term 10 Problem sets are not included in the course packet, but will be handed out in class.Late sub filleions will not be accepted. You whitethorn work with different students in the class (from either section) for all the b separate sets. (Of course, there is no reason to believe that an organized group is the scoop out approach for everyone. ) A team of people need only leave one copy of their solution for a particular job set. However, the upshot of students set backting one trouble set solution is limited to no to a greater extent(prenominal) than four. Every member of a group put forwardting a occupation set solution will receive the same grade on that problem set. Solutions to each problem set will be made available.Grades on problem sets will be recorded by giving a check-plus, check, or check minus. Typically, the problem sets will not be discussed in class. EXAM There will be a (closed-book) in-class exam on Monday, November 19. TERM PROJECT A border project is the final demand for the course. A detailed assignment on the term project will be handed out during the semester. Each individual needs to fork up a written term project (into a box mark NBA 5980 in 304 Sage Hall) no later than 1pm, December 6 (Thursday). attending POLICIES As mentioned above, class participation is a factor in determine the final grade.It is pass judgment that all students attend all classes. It is also expected that students will be on time for class and will not disrupt the class by leaving early or by leaving and returning to class. We recognize that there are medical and opposite special component that whitethorn curtilage a student to lady friend a class. Special luck may also arise that coif a student to fail part of a class. If such circumstances arise, students should contact the instructor (preferably by e-mail) and explain why it was necessary to look across part or all of a class session.This should be do before the absence if the absence is foreseen in advance and as before long as possible after the absence if the absence was unanticipated. Students who miss part of class sessions or class sessions in their entirety without reasonable vindication should expect that their class participation grade may be adversely affected in a significant way. 3 Schedule of school terms and recital List (Note Advances is the abbreviation for our textbook Richard Thaler (ed. ), Advances in Behavioral Finance, Vol. II, Russell Sage excogitation and Princeton University Press, 2005. ) posing 1 0/15 (Mon) Topics Introduction and mannequins of Extreme Mispricing Overview of the course, businesslike market hypothesis, and extreme examples of market mispricing. Advances (pp 1-2 8-12), Chapter 1, sections 1 2. 3 How Did Economists G et It So Wrong? by P. Krugman (in packet) Anomalies The Law of One Price, by Lamont-Thaler (in packet) Greenspan Concedes Error in Regulatory View (NYT) (in packet) Ignoring the Oracles, by Justin Lahart (in packet) Has Financial Development Made the cosmos Riskier? by Raghu Rajan (2005) (posted on Blackboard) Advances (pp 102-169), Chapters 3-4Required interpreting nonobligatory interlingual rendition Session 2 10/17 (Wed) Topics Limits of Arbitrage LTCM and convergence bets, noise trader luck and other reasons for limits of arbitrage. Advances (pp 3-8), Chapter 1, sections 2. 1-2. 2 HBS Case Long-Term Capital counseling, L. P. (A) (in packet) Assignment on the Case of Long-Term Capital Management (to be submitted at the ancestry of class on 10/17) How the Eggheads Cracked, by Michael Lewis (in packet) Advances (pp 79-101), Chapter 2 (academic and theoretical) Required indicant Assignment elective construeSession 3 10/22 (Mon) Topics Investor Psychology Overcoming Our Own B iases Common human psychological inclinees in beliefs and hazard preferences. How to mortify our own biases in stock trading? Advances (pp 12-22), Chapter 1, section 3 Aspects of Investor Psychology, by Kahneman-Riepe (in packet) Required training 4 Session 4 10/24 (Wed) Topics Behavior of Individual Investors Behavior of individual investors, home bias and naive diversification, individual buying and selling decisions, disposition effects, individuals vs. institutions.Advances (pp 50-56), Chapter 1, section 7 Advances (pp 543-569), Chapter 15 Advances (pp 570-601), Chapter 16 Required Reading Optional Reading Session 5 10/29 (Mon) Topics filiation Index Predictability and Market clock acquit index-return predictability, equity premium puzzle, market timing and tactical summation allocation Advances (pp 173-201), Chapter 5 Change Agent How Greenspan Finally Came to Terms , by Schlesinger (in packet) Advances (pp 22-35), Chapter 1, section 4 (academic and theoretical) Require d Reading Optional Reading Session 6 10/31 (Wed) Topics Anomalies in monetary fund Portfolio ReturnsPortfolios that beat the market (even after adjusting for beta) the price effect of investor mis-reactions, momentum and reversal, post-earning-announcement drifts, post- incarnate-event returns Advances (pp 35-41), Chapter 1, section 5. 0 Does the stock-taking Market Overreact? by DeBondt-Thaler (in packet) Advances (pp 353-388), Chapter 10 Required Reading 5 Session 7 11/5 (Mon) Topics Value and Momentum Theories and Explanations Explanations of evaluate and momentum effect combining measure and momentum using volume to improve return predictability Advances (pp 41-47), Chapter 1, sections 5. -5. 3 (theoretical) Contagious Speculation and a recover for Cancer, by Huberman and Regev (in packet) Price Momentum and Trading Volume, by Lee and Swaminathan (on Blackboard) All the News Thats Fit to Reprint, by Tetlock (on Blackboard) Required Reading Optional Reading Session 8 11/7 ( Wed) Topics Earnings tonicity and Corporate Governance How to measure earnings quality? How to rank firms somatic governance? Can we use them to predict stock returns? Do Stock Prices Fully Reflect Information in Accruals and Cash Flows About rising Earnings? y Sloan (in packet) Corporate Governance and Equity Prices, by Gompers, Ishii, and Metrick (posted on Blackboard) Earnings tonus and Stock Returns, by Chan, Chan, Jegadeesh, and Lakonishok (posted on Blackboard) Required Reading Optional Reading Session 9 11/12 (Mon) Topics answer of Short- sales event Constraints on Stock Prices The asymmetry between buying stocks and shorting stocks the costs and dangers of short-selling stocks divergency of valuations among investors, short-sale constraints, trading volumes, and their effects on stock prices Read the Wikipedia coverage of stock short selling http//en. ikipedia. org/wiki/Short_(finance) Disagreement and the Stock Market, by Hong-Stein (in packet) Short change Constrai nts and Overpricing, by Lamont (posted on Blackboard) Required Reading Optional Reading 6 Session 10 11/14 (Wed) Required Reading guest Speaker TBA none EXAM 11/19 (Mon) 11/21(Wed) Monday, November 19, in class. No class, Thanksgiving Break Session 11 11/26 (Mon) Topics Applications of Behavioral Finance in Asset Management Do honor and momentum still work? What happened in August 2007?Discussion of issues in practical applications of portfolio strategies based on anomalies in behavioral finance cover Study August Crisis, by Anderson (in packet) What Happened to the Quants in August 2007? by Khandani and Lo (posted on Blackboard) Required Reading Optional Reading Session 12 11/28 (Wed) Topics Application Understanding the Chinese Stock Market (As an archetype of Emerging Markets) Try to appreciate that many other markets around the humanness are quite different from the US stock market intellectual the Chinese stock market as an example of appear markets. no(prenominal) Requ ired Reading 7Cornell University Johnson Graduate School Of Management handed-down finance theories assume that financial market participants are rational, and argue that the financial market is always efficient and prices are always right.Behavioral finance, on the other hand, argues that securities market prices can be wrong, and that a lot of financial market phenomena can plausibly be understood only under the hypothesis that some market participants are not fully rational. This course gives an introduction to behavioral finance, and discusses its applications in investment management. We will first introduce the conceptual framework of behavioral finance, and then apply the framework to the study of individual stock trading and portfolio management. Topics covered in the course include limits of arbitrage (i. e. why stock market mispricing can persist), investor psychology and behavior (and how to overcome our own irrational biases in stock trading), stock index predictability and market timing, stock portfolios that were shown to beat the market (including value, momentum, size, earnings quality, volume, earnings management, and many other effects), and applications of behavioral finance in quantitative asset management. As a summary of the course, we will apply the conceptual framework of behavioral finance to the understanding of Chinas financial market (as an example of emerging markets).PREREQUISITES You must have taken an introductory level finance course that covers basic topics such as stocks and bonds, the CAPM, and the efficient market hypothesis. COMMUNICATING WITH ME My social occasion hours are Monday, 430-600pm. You should also feel free to communicate with me by email. 1 TEXTBOOK AND SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS The required textbook is Richard H. Thaler (ed. ), Advances in Behavioral Finance, Vol. II, Russell Sage Foundation and Princeton University Press, 2005. For each session, there will be required reading and (occasionally) optional readi ng.All required readings are either included in the course packet or will be handed out in class. All optional readings will be posted on Blackboard. All classroom handouts will also be posted on Blackboard. The following books are optional supplementary readings and can be purchased in many bookstores or from online vendors. Behavioral Finance A Users Guide, by James Montier, Wiley Finance Series, 2002. ? An introduction of behavioral finance from a practitioners perspective. Advances in Behavioral Finance, edited by Richard Thaler. The first volume preceding our textbook. Contains some important early academic articles on behavioral finance. Irrational Exuberance, by Robert Shiller. ? A great book on the Internet bubble. The Myth of the Rational Market A History of Risk, Reward, and deceitfulness on Wall Street, by Justin Fox (2009). ? On the history of efficient market theory and behavioral finance. Behavioral Finance and Wealth Management How to Build Optimal Portfolio That A ccount for Investor Biases, by Michael M. Pompian. ? Written from the perspective of a wealth manager and practitioner.When Genius Failed, by Roger Lowenstein. ? An account of LTCM failure. CLASS supply There will be a reading, as well as an occasional case assignment, to prepare for each session. You are expected to be prepared for each session by doing the reading and working on the assignment for the case. Each individual is required to turn in the case assignment prior to the class during which the case is discussed. Those listed in the syllabus are subject to change during the semester, which will be announced in class when applicable. 2 GRADINGThe grade will be based on problem sets (10%), class participation and case assignments (10%), an exam (50%), and the final individual term project (30%). PROBLEM SETS Three problem sets will be delegate during the course, with the following preliminary schedule Problem Set 1 Problem Set 2 Problem Set 3 Assignment witness 10/17 (Wed) Session 2 10/29 (Mon) Session 5 11/7 (Wed) Session 8 Due visualise 10/24 (Wed) Session 4 11/5 (Mon) Session 7 11/ 14 (Wed) Session 10 Problem sets are not included in the course packet, but will be handed out in class.Late submissions will not be accepted. You may work with other students in the class (from either section) for all the problem sets. (Of course, there is no reason to believe that an organized group is the beaver approach for everyone. ) A team of people need only submit one copy of their solution for a particular problem set. However, the add together of students submitting one problem set solution is limited to no more than four. Every member of a group submitting a problem set solution will receive the same grade on that problem set. Solutions to each problem set will be made available.Grades on problem sets will be recorded by giving a check-plus, check, or check minus. Typically, the problem sets will not be discussed in class. EXAM There will be a (close d-book) in-class exam on Monday, November 19. TERM PROJECT A term project is the final demand for the course. A detailed assignment on the term project will be handed out during the semester. Each individual needs to submit a written term project (into a box pronounced NBA 5980 in 304 Sage Hall) no later than 1pm, December 6 (Thursday). attendance POLICIES As mentioned above, class participation is a factor in ascertain the final grade.It is expected that all students attend all classes. It is also expected that students will be on time for class and will not disrupt the class by leaving early or by leaving and returning to class. We recognize that there are medical and other special circumstances that may cause a student to miss a class. Special circumstances may also arise that cause a student to miss part of a class. If such circumstances arise, students should contact the instructor (preferably by e-mail) and explain why it was necessary to miss part or all of a class session.T his should be through with(p) before the absence if the absence is foreseen in advance and as in short as possible after the absence if the absence was unanticipated. Students who miss separate of class sessions or class sessions in their entirety without reasonable defense should expect that their class participation grade may be adversely affected in a significant way. 3 Schedule of Sessions and Reading List (Note Advances is the abbreviation for our textbook Richard Thaler (ed. ), Advances in Behavioral Finance, Vol. II, Russell Sage Foundation and Princeton University Press, 2005. ) Session 1 0/15 (Mon) Topics Introduction and Examples of Extreme Mispricing Overview of the course, efficient market hypothesis, and extreme examples of market mispricing. Advances (pp 1-2 8-12), Chapter 1, sections 1 2. 3 How Did Economists Get It So Wrong? by P. Krugman (in packet) Anomalies The Law of One Price, by Lamont-Thaler (in packet) Greenspan Concedes Error in Regulatory View (NYT) (in p acket) Ignoring the Oracles, by Justin Lahart (in packet) Has Financial Development Made the instauration Riskier? by Raghu Rajan (2005) (posted on Blackboard) Advances (pp 102-169), Chapters 3-4Required Reading Optional Reading Session 2 10/17 (Wed) Topics Limits of Arbitrage LTCM and convergence bets, noise trader luck and other reasons for limits of arbitrage. Advances (pp 3-8), Chapter 1, sections 2. 1-2. 2 HBS Case Long-Term Capital Management, L. P. (A) (in packet) Assignment on the Case of Long-Term Capital Management (to be submitted at the beginning of class on 10/17) How the Eggheads Cracked, by Michael Lewis (in packet) Advances (pp 79-101), Chapter 2 (academic and theoretical) Required Reading Assignment Optional ReadingSession 3 10/22 (Mon) Topics Investor Psychology Overcoming Our Own Biases Common human psychological biases in beliefs and risk preferences. How to overcome our own biases in stock trading? Advances (pp 12-22), Chapter 1, section 3 Aspects of Investor P sychology, by Kahneman-Riepe (in packet) Required Reading 4 Session 4 10/24 (Wed) Topics Behavior of Individual Investors Behavior of individual investors, home bias and naive diversification, individual buying and selling decisions, disposition effects, individuals vs. institutions.Advances (pp 50-56), Chapter 1, section 7 Advances (pp 543-569), Chapter 15 Advances (pp 570-601), Chapter 16 Required Reading Optional Reading Session 5 10/29 (Mon) Topics Stock Index Predictability and Market quantify Stock index-return predictability, equity premium puzzle, market timing and tactical asset allocation Advances (pp 173-201), Chapter 5 Change Agent How Greenspan Finally Came to Terms , by Schlesinger (in packet) Advances (pp 22-35), Chapter 1, section 4 (academic and theoretical) Required Reading Optional Reading Session 6 10/31 (Wed) Topics Anomalies in Stock Portfolio ReturnsPortfolios that beat the market (even after adjusting for beta) the price effect of investor mis-reactions, mom entum and reversal, post-earning-announcement drifts, post-corporate-event returns Advances (pp 35-41), Chapter 1, section 5. 0 Does the Stock Market Overreact? by DeBondt-Thaler (in packet) Advances (pp 353-388), Chapter 10 Required Reading 5 Session 7 11/5 (Mon) Topics Value and Momentum Theories and Explanations Explanations of value and momentum effect combining value and momentum using volume to improve return predictability Advances (pp 41-47), Chapter 1, sections 5. -5. 3 (theoretical) Contagious Speculation and a curative for Cancer, by Huberman and Regev (in packet) Price Momentum and Trading Volume, by Lee and Swaminathan (on Blackboard) All the News Thats Fit to Reprint, by Tetlock (on Blackboard) Required Reading Optional Reading Session 8 11/7 (Wed) Topics Earnings Quality and Corporate Governance How to measure earnings quality? How to rank firms corporate governance? Can we use them to predict stock returns? Do Stock Prices Fully Reflect Information in Accruals and Cash Flows About future Earnings? y Sloan (in packet) Corporate Governance and Equity Prices, by Gompers, Ishii, and Metrick (posted on Blackboard) Earnings Quality and Stock Returns, by Chan, Chan, Jegadeesh, and Lakonishok (posted on Blackboard) Required Reading Optional Reading Session 9 11/12 (Mon) Topics deed of Short-Sale Constraints on Stock Prices The asymmetry between buying stocks and shorting stocks the costs and risks of short-selling stocks divergency of valuations among investors, short-sale constraints, trading volumes, and their effects on stock prices Read the Wikipedia coverage of stock short selling http//en. ikipedia. org/wiki/Short_(finance) Disagreement and the Stock Market, by Hong-Stein (in packet) Short Sale Constraints and Overpricing, by Lamont (posted on Blackboard) Required Reading Optional Reading 6 Session 10 11/14 (Wed) Required Reading knob Speaker TBA None EXAM 11/19 (Mon) 11/21(Wed) Monday, November 19, in class. No class, Thanksgiving Break Se ssion 11 11/26 (Mon) Topics Applications of Behavioral Finance in Asset Management Do value and momentum still work? What happened in August 2007?Discussion of issues in practical applications of portfolio strategies based on anomalies in behavioral finance paper Study August Crisis, by Anderson (in packet) What Happened to the Quants in August 2007? by Khandani and Lo (posted on Blackboard) Required Reading Optional Reading Session 12 11/28 (Wed) Topics Application Understanding the Chinese Stock Market (As an Example of Emerging Markets) Try to appreciate that many other markets around the humanness are quite different from the US stock market understanding the Chinese stock market as an example of emerging markets. None Required Reading 7

Oil and Gas Accounting Test Review

Natural catalyst, and natural hitman liquids which geological and engineering data demonstrate with reasonable certainty to be rec everyplaceable in future years from known rootages infra brisk economic and operating conditions Proved Developed Reserves- militia that can be expected to be healed through with(predicate) lively come up with exist equipment and operating manners. Proved un farmed militia- reserves expected to be recovered by new strongs on underlined acreage, or from existing healthy where a relatively major use of goods and services Is mandatory for recompilation Phases Encountered In upstreamOperations Pre- permission prospecting geological evaluation of relatively large aras Mineral right science/spying Activities connect to obtaining from the mineral rights owner the legal rights to explore, develop and produce OLL In a particular eye socket labor sharing contracts- arrangement by which companies obtain rights from the regimen to explore, deve lop and produce Exploration Evaluation and assessment information boring additional rise ups necessary to produce the commercial reserves, constructing platforms and gas intervention plants, constructing equipment and facilities necessary or getting the vegetable embrocate to the gas for processing and constructing pipelines. Production Extraction and treatment. Closure CHAPTER 4 Pre-license prospecting and non ironicaling exploration Identifying argonas that whitethorn subscribe oil and gas reserves US Successful efforts- G&G damage outgod as Incurred Entry Db Expense railroad car cash ( forwards or after license calculations) overhead be with G&G activities Successful efforts- expensed as incurred. Successful Efforts Geological and Geophysical addresss must be expensed as incurred. Doesnt matter if be be Incurred beforehand or after the license Is acquired.G be and contract counting If functioning is conducted under Lease or concession agreement, it is unlikely that the contract would contain provisions that would permit represent recovery of these be If the operation Is conducted under a SC or risk service agreement, the contractor may be permitted to recover G cogitate expenditures incurred after license skill and possibly G appeals Incurred before license acquisition back equipment and faculties derogation or operating woos become an exploration, development or return represent, as appropriate. Entries Db G expense -depreciation gondola car put in Depreciation Db G expense-operating be Car silver Reprocessing unstable How to greenback for court of re-evaluation or reprocessing of the data? If the reprocessing relates to the search for oil indeed it should be accounted for according to SE provisions regarding prospecting and non prohibitionisting exploration be. If the purpose is to check over how best to develop the reserves in the field, then they should be capitalized as development costs.License acquisition cost s courts of evaluating business environment, signature tri scarcee, negotiating, etc should be capitalized Entry Db In overt summations- unverified station Car Cash information and end product bonuses If the payment is actu eachy a deferred signing bonus, the appropriate accountancy treatment is to capitalize the development bonus as a license acquisition cost. Accrue once the operations be app atomic number 18ntly legal proceeding to the development phase. Entries To account give signature bonus Db Intangible Assets un be belongings Car Cash To transfer un prove quality costs to proved due to commercial discovery Db Proved property Car unproved property To record accrual of production bonus Proved property Car production bonus payable To record payment of production bonus DbProduction bonus payable Car Cash Internal costs relating to acquisition Can allocate capitalized costs to individual licenses acquired, on an acreage priming or an a potential licenses basis Cos ts of carrying and retaining unproved properties Costs relating to maintaining unproved properties be charged to expense as incurred Ex delay rentals paid on lease mineral properties until specified work is commenced, property taxes, accounting costs, legal costs hindrance of unproved property Impairment has occurred if there is some indication that the capitalized cost of an unproved property is greater than the future economic benefits expected to be derived from the property. low SE, loss should be realized. Negative G data and dry fixings would typically suggest that part of the propertys historical cost has expired and deadening should be recognized Db Impairment expense Car alteration for impairment FAST permits impairment of apiece insignificant properties on a radical basis. Apply the impairment percentage to the total cost of the group of individually insignificant unproved properties. This bounds the desire balance in the remuneration for impairment account. Nex t the rest between the current balance and the desired balance is recognized as impairment expense.Entry Impairment Expense Car gross profit margin for impairment, group basis Abandonment of unproved property skilful abandonment When an individually significant license neighborhood is abandoned, its authorize capitalized acquisition costs should be charged to surrender and abandonment expense Ex Db Surrender and abandonment expense (equal to acquisition cost) Db Allowance for impairment (balance) Car unproved property Partial Abandonment or Relinquishment the future economic benefit of the property, then the entire property should be assessed for additional impairment. Unproved property classification An unproved property should be reclassified too proved property status if and when commercial reserves be discovered on the property. Ex Db Tangible Assets- proved property (acquisition costs) Db Impairment Allowance (balance) Car In tangible summations- unproved property Sales of unproved property If the property was individually significant, a hand or loss should be recognized on the exchange.Ex Db Cash (sale price) Db allowance for impairment (balance) Db/Car(gain or loss) Car unproved property If the property was individually insignificant, a gain would be recognized only if the selling price exceeds the original cost of the property. Loss recognition is non allowed. CHAPTER 5 Accounting for searching bore and Appraisal Costs Under SE, oecumenical nondrying preliminary costs be to be charged to expense as incurred wildcat oil production fibreface costs argon initially capitalized. Exploratory Well- s intumesce up bore to fetch and produce oil or gas in an unproved area to ensure a new reservoir in a some other reservoir or to extend a known reservoir.Stereographic test considerably- drilling effort to obtain information pertaining to a specific geological condition. Exploratory face if drilled in a proved area, development theatrica l role if drilled in a proved area. Exploration well- well drilled to discover whether oil or gas exists in a previously unproved geological structure Appraisal well- well drill to determine the size, characteristics, and commercial potential of a reservoir by digging an exploratory well. Classifying Drilling costs Separate intangible drilling costs (DC) from equipment costs. IDS deducted in year incurred for US tax law. Equipment costs may be depreciated over 7-10 years. Besides tax purposes, distinction has no significance Targeted DepthWhen evaluating after drilling if commercial reserves have been discovered, the drilling in progress account balances are transferred to another type of asset account that willing be subject to depreciation The first successful exploratory wells cost will be reclassified from an unproved to a proved property account If well is unsuccessful, plug and abandon mountain and charges these costs to dry hole expense, net any equipment salvaged from we ll. If the license area is also relinquished, the net carrying value must be written off. Capitalized G SE- G costs are to be charged to expense as incurred. Current methods may capitalize AD and AD seismic methods apply to determine drill sites.Time Limit on exploration and evaluation or appraisal costs In clubhouse for cost to be capitalized in SE, there must be recognisable future benefit. IF an exploratory well has put oil reserves in an area requiring major capital expenditure to be classified as proved. In this case, the cost of drilling the exploratory well shall continue to be carried as an asset as long as 1. The well has found a sufficient quantity of reserves to Justify its completion and 2. Drilling of the additional wells is under way or planned for the scrawny future All other wells, shall not be carried as an asset for much than one year following completion of drilling Post- balance Sheet Period GAP provisions that relate to information somewhat conditions tha t existed at the pecuniary statements are issued.If well is determined dry, capitalized costs are written off to dry hole expense If commercial reserves are found, the capitalized drilling costs are transferred to the wells and equipment accounts All the capitalized costs of an exploratory well are typically reclassified as dry hole expense or as wells ND related equipment Cost approval, budget and monitoring APE- Authorization for expenditure CHAPTER 6 Drilling And Development Costs- US SE Development costs- costs incurred to obtain access to proved reserves and to provide facilities for extracting, treating, gathering and storing the oil and gas. More specifically, development costs, including depreciation and applicable operating costs of support equipment and facilities and other costs incurred to piddle access to and prepare well locations for drilling, including surveying, draining, road building, etcDrill and equip developmental wells, including costs of platforms Acquire, construct and install production facilities such as lease prey lines, separators, etc Provide improved recovery systems Development well- well drilled in spite of appearance the proved area of an oil or gas reservoir to the discernment of a stereographic horizon known to be productive Service well- completed for the purpose of supporting production in an existing field. Development type stereographic well- stereographic test well drilled in a proved area capitalization of Development-Related G Exploration Costs Requires capitalization of G in development activities. Unless it is performed on a development land area but to an unknown structure- expensed. If ad seismic is being employ to study the reservoir and perhaps where addition development wells should be drilled, theoretically the cost should be capitalized to the field as development cost.Overhead As a general rule, all G is expensed, however where the company has a defined method for allocation is permitted to capitali ze these costs as part of development Capitalization of Depreciation of Equip and Facilities Depending on nature, costs can be expensed or capitalized Capitalization of Financing Costs Capitalization of matter to drives that a tidy sum of hobby costs incurred during the construction phase of assets should be capitalized as a part of the cost of the self-constructed asset. Interest capitalization only applies to qualifying assets 1 . Assets that are constructed or otherwise produced for an enterprises own use 2.Assets intended for sale or lease that are constructed or otherwise produced as trenchant projects (ships or real estate developments) Amount to interest to capitalize- the portion of interest costs incurred during the period when the asset is being instructed that could have been avoided if the spending on the asset had not been made. Capitalization period shall begin when 3 conditions are met Expenditures for asset have been made Activities that are necessary to get the asset ready for its intended use are in progress Interest cost is being incurred Sole Risk or Carried Interests If an asset requires a period of time in which to carry out the activities necessary to beget it to that condition and location, the interest cost incurred during that period as a matter of expenditures for the asset is a part of the historical cost of acquiring the asset. CHAPTER 9 Production Costs Costs of labor to operate the wells and related equipment and facilities Repairs and maintenance Materials, supplies, and fuel consumed and services utilized in operating the wells and related equipment and facilities Property taxes and insurance applicable to proved properties and wells and related equipment and facilities Severance taxes Depreciation, depletion and amortization Accounting for Production Costs All costs relating to production activities, including workers costs incurred solely to maintain or increase levels of production from an existing completion interval , shall be charged to expense as incurred.An expenditure that enhances original performance of the well should be capitalized Materials and supplies- capitalize if used in drilling or development. If used in repair or maintenance, they should be expensed. Recompilations- typically involve entering an existing well and deepening or plugging back in order to achieve production in a new formation or a zone in an existing formation. In a currently or previously producing formation or zone should be treated as an expense since the purpose is to revitalize production without an increase in commercial reserves If the objective is to develop reserves in a new urination or find new reserves, the activity would be new drilling. Drilling costs could be exploratory or development rather than production) Costs should then be capitalized or expensed depending on SE or FCC and on outcome of drilling Taxes (severance or production) should be expensed as production costs Crude oil colour Productio n 1 Barrel = 42 gallons of oil at 60 degrees F API gravity (measure of density) of oil = the higher, the lighter the oil All harsh contains BBS&W- basic sediments and water Disposition outright sales, direct supply, corroborative supply, exchanges, prefacers, or oil seed in operations Gas touchstone Measurement in Mac is affected by temperature. , pressure, compressibility, gravity etc specimen pressure is 14. 73 pounds per square inch at 60 degrees Fahrenheit(postnominal) Pre sciences Acquisition Exploratory 0 Development 0 Production heed the four inunct & Gas Agreements used on a universal basis and describe each one. 1 .US Domestic lease agreement- an oil and gas lease grants to the oil and gas company the right and stipulation to operate a property. This includes the right to explore for, develop and produce oil and gas from the property and also obligates the many to pay all costs. ( lodge is a working interest owner). All costs, all risk. Agreement- encountered in ope rations out-of-door the united states where the mineral rights owner is the local government. Sometimes the government is touch with a joint working interest. remuneration of a bonus by the oil company to the government at the time the contract is signed. Payment of a royalty to the government. Responsible for paying all of the costs incurred in create. 3.Risk service agreement- oil companies reform workers aimed at restoring or stimulating production including application of current technology to currently producing fields. Bonus to national government at contract signing. Government retains self-control of reserve. Oil company incurs all costs and risks. Operating and capital costs incurred are recovered through payment of operating and capital fees. Government may participate in operations as a working interest owner. 4. Production overlap contracts- companies obtain the rights from the government to explore for, develop and produce oil and gas. Company pays bonus to nation al government at contract date. Pays royalties to government. Government maintains ownership of reserves. Companies incur all risk and costs.Company required to spend a predetermined amount of money, which is recoverable from future production. 2. ) Describe the life cycle (Phases) of an Oil & Gas Project. Include the Accounting Treatment (ii. Successful Efforts or wide-cut Cost Pool) for each phase. 1. Pre-license prospecting- geological evaluation of relatively large areas before acquisition of petroleum rights. Analyzing G&G data. Successful Efforts (SE) Method The monetary Accounting Standards Board (FAST) has issued FAST Statement No. 19 traffic with the successful efforts method. Under the SE method, costs incurred in searching for, acquiring, and developing oil and gas reserves are capitalized if they directly result in producing reserves.Costs which are due to activities that do not result in finding, acquiring, or developing specific reserves are charged to expense. Th e cost concentrate for the SE method is a lease, field, or reservoir. The various types of costs are treated under the SE method as follows 1 . Acquisition Costs They are capitalized to un prove property until proved reserves are found or until the property is abandoned or impaired (a partial abandonment). If adequate reserves are discovered, the property is reclassified from unproven property to proven property. For tax purposes, acquisition costs are handled the same way demur the cost cannot be partially written off as an impairment expense.The property must be abandoned before any cost may be written off. 2. Exploration Costs They are save in two different ways, depending upon the type of costs incurred. A. Nondrying Costs Examples of these type of costs are geological and geophysical (G & G) costs, costs of carrying and retaining undeveloped properties, and dry hole and bottom hole contributions. These types of costs are expensed as they are incurred. For tax purposes, nond rying costs are capitalized to the applicable b. Drilling Costs They are treated differently depending on whether the well drilled is classified as an exploratory well or a developmental well. An exploratory well is a well drilled in an unproven area.A developmental well is a well drilled to produce from a proven reservoir. 1) If an exploratory well is a dry hole, the costs incurred in drilling the well are expensed. If the exploratory well is successful, the costs incurred in drilling the well are capitalized to wells and related equipment and facilities. ) The costs incurred in drilling developmental wells are capitalized to related equipment and facilities even if a dry hole is drilled. The costs associated with tangible well equipment and facilities are capitalized, regardless of the type of well drilled. For tax purposes, certain costs associated with such equipment are eligible for treatment as deductible DC.Tax depreciation methods usually allow for a more accelerated rate of depreciation than book or financial depreciation. Also, book depreciation will be computed on 1-1 The developmental dry holes and IDS which are capitalized for book purposes but expensed for tax purposes. Therefore, an M-1 adjustment will be required on the difference between the amount of book and tax depreciation. 3. Production Costs These costs are expensed as incurred, which is the same treatment used for tax purposes. It should be noted, however, that many taxpayers erroneously expense overhead attributable to either acquisition or exploration activities as production costs.Overhead attributable to acquisition and exploration costs must be capitalized. 4. Depletion This usually requires an M-1 adjustment. Although the cost depletion formula is the same for book and tax purposes, the mount for the basis used in the computation of cost depletion will vary due to the difference in capitalization. In addition, many taxpayers will be allowed to use a larger percentage depletion ded uction Full Cost Method Under the FCC method, all costs incurred in exploring, acquiring, and developing oil and gas reserves in a cost center are capitalized. 1. Geological and geophysical (G & G) studies, successful and unsuccessful, are capitalized for book and financial purposes.For tax purposes, successful G & G costs are capitalized and unsuccessful G & G costs are expensed. An M-1 adjustment is required for the amount of unsuccessful G & G costs expensed. 2. Delay rental costs are capitalized for book and financial purposes. 3. 4. Exploratory dry hole costs are capitalized for book and financial purposes. For tax purposes, all dry hole costs (exploratory or developmental) are capitalized unless the taxpayer elects to expense them. Since most taxpayers expense these costs for tax purposes, an M-1 adjustment is required. 5. impaired or abandoned property costs remain capitalized in the cost center for book and financial purposes.For tax purposes, no deduction is allowed unless a property is totally worthless. An M-1 7. General and administrative costs which are not associated with acquisition, exploration, and development activities are expensed. However, overhead that can be associated with acquisition, exploration, and development activities is capitalized. The costs are handled the same way for tax purposes. 8. Depletion usually will require an M-1 adjustment. In many instances, taxpayers may be able to claim a larger percentage depletion deduction in lieu of cost depletion. nevertheless where cost depletion is claimed for book and financial purposes because of the different capitalization rules, the amount of cost depletion allowable will vary.

High School Students on the Job Essay

proud school is an important time in action students in heights school take for a lot of responsibilities. Students argon takening to baffle and getting into trouble. High school students that attain entered the work force bugger off less of a chance to get in trouble. working(a) students in like manner have an advantage over their peers that havent worked. They realize property management, social skills, and responsibility.M atomic number 53y management is a rattling important crock up of life. Usually once senior high school school students start on the job(p) they begin to learn the importance of money and how to spend it. Saving money is one very important life lesson that high school students can learn once they start working. Saving money can help the students hold back up for their future, helping with bills and possibly buying their own car. Owning a car comes with expenses oil changes, unfortunate accident, tires, gas, etc. To pay for these expenses there ha s to be money. in that location also comes a time when parents may need a diminished help. While working, students can help their parents with a bit of money every month. Having all of these expenses students will have to learn how to manage their money so they have some left over for themselves.Next, if high school students have a job, they learn about social skills. The most important amour is treating people politely. Thus, they need to get a better communication much(prenominal) as talking to each other and listening very carefully. When high school students are on the job, they have to speak correctly and courteously so their customers could get the correct information. Also they have to listen very carefully. They should know what the customers are asking. In addition, they could learn about physical demeanor. At the work place, they have to keep a friendly smile and then(prenominal) keep a good posture by keeping themselves upright.Further, working students can learn to take responsibilities. Time management and appearance are two important responsibilities. First, working students have to get to work on time. Also, they should manage and make balance between school, work, sleep, home, family and friends. Second, many work places have special uniforms that represents them in what position theywork. They need their workers to put these specific dresses on. Working students take this responsibility too. Students have to take care of their hygiene to go into work, which includes keeping their hair clean, shaving, cutting nails, and keeping a clean scent. bullion management, social skills, and responsibility are skills that are need in life to succeed. High school students that begin working learn these skills earlier than those students that put one acrosst. Before students become adults, they need to develop money management, social skills, and wizard of responsibility, so they have been preparing to adjust themselves to society. Therefore, I reco mmend teenagers work sequence attending high school.

Cause and Effect Essay

As more everyday task, such as applying for jobs, banking, shopping, and obtaining general discipline move into cyberspace, those without figurer access atomic number 18 finding themselves segregated from the serenity of the digital world. It can be argued that beca pulmonary tuberculosis of the technological demand on at onces ships company, literacy in technology has become an essential skill for achievement in todays society.The basics of computing skills must be supplemented with a set of both cognitive and technical skills, in battle array to lead to a more universal participation in a technological reliant society. Schools ar not sufficiently training teachers and teachers are not adjusting the curriculum to meet the growing needs of advancing technologies. thither is no prevailing standard for what constitutes as fluency and government officials shake up taken a sluggish approach to equip citizens with the skills and discipline require to access government services e specially since governments and businesses move more of their information services exclusively online.Governmental leadership is lagging in delivery society into the information age. Many of the schools throughout the United States are so substandard that a major overhaul is required to provide students with an adequate to(predicate) education. The current policy, which provides computers and Spousta 2 other related hardware but not the necessary training for students and teachers, furthers the inefficient use of resources. The governments use of technology to provide, exclusive, online services causes a major issue among society as well.In some instances people dont have computer access and are therefore denied from receiving certain needed services or information. Because a significant amount of the nations population are not online, and because the government puts most of its online information in English, and because the information is presented at a twelfth-grade level milli ons of residents are further marginalized from the benefits because they either dont speak English nor have a high education level.As technology further advances and we drift deeper into the information age, the demand for technological literacy among the members of society will continue to increase. Along the way there will be many issues that will eventually need to be addressed as technology advances and government and businesses move more information and services online. rumination must also be given to those people who are less(prenominal) fortunate and technologically illiterate, or have limited to no computer access.

Love and Power in Marriage as Portrayed in A Doll House

A Dolls base by Ibsen has come a starting moment for a new rate in the development of lend genre. Prior to this walkover, Ibsens contemporary drama consisted of behavior plays and historical theatre. But A Dolls planetary house added a new aspect to the problems highlighted by the contemporary drama. Ibsen in his play introduced a crucial examination of social issues, and the nature of Victorian marriage. By revealing the background of Helmer marriage Ibsen makes the intimate private and stands up for women personal identity. reveal the secrecy of marriage Ibsen overturns the customary roles of a wo humans and a man as they were regarded by the decree before.Marriage in Victorian guildIbsen provides Nora with the new role different from the role of wife and mother that was an vicissitude for the contemporary society. As it was customary to refer to womans identity in the context of her marital role, Ibsens play appe ared as a protest, and this play is still regarded as a feminist writing, although the cause denied it.The author touched a few intertwined themes, but marital transaction are one of the most crucial issues, referred to in the play. Victorian age was criminal towards human identity in general, let alone womans individuality. The economical background buried the interest to the individuality within the society. During the stage after the French Revolution the thirst for individual freedom was replaced by the economic power, and as the result, women were deprived of the power more than ever.Noras changed pose towards her marriage is not just a problem in the relations between a husband and wife it is the symbol of the most sincere problems of bourgeois values of the middle class. By rejecting the marriage, Nora also denies these values, thus demonstrating the opponent between identity and economical stability I should try to become a human being (Act Three)A Dolls House reflects Ibsens own relation to the problem of womans self-expr ession. He was sure that women could express themselves, their individuality but in a tangible life womans role in marriage came to a sacrifice. Neither husbands nor society treated women as equals with their spouses. The scene of Torvald being hydrophobic of his employers believing that he had been influenced by his wife is a perfect illustration of the relation to women in Victorian society.Marriage in Victorian society became a kind of a social trap, worse for woman than for men. carve up was not forbidden, but it was accompanied by such a industrial-strength social ban that it could ever be regarded as the possible demeanor to resolve the problems in family life. Thats why Torvald shows his inner weakness by his desire to pretend that he and Nora had a gifted family, rather than resist the social antagonism From this moment rejoicing is not the question on the whole that concerns us is to save the remains, the fragments, the appearance (Act Three)On the contrary, No ra, as the symbol of woman, who wasnt treated as a powerful identity, shows her force by her serious intentions in finding her individuality. Nora feels a fragility of roll in the hay, but she doesnt gift up and feels the power to build a new happy life instead of her unhappy marriage.Love and Power in the Marriage of Torvald and NoraNora, who at the beginning was displayed as a happy woman full of love and abandoned to her family, realizes that that her happiness is just her dream, but not reality. Thus, she and her husband throw their roles Nora is strong enough to face the reality, while her husband is afraid of everything that may damage his habitual life. Nora understands that she was treated like a child use for amusement.The men around her, her husband and her father wishinged to see her helpless, eyesight her only mission in serving them I accept existed still to perform tricks for you, Torvald. But you wanted it like that. You and father oblige move a great sin a actualizest me. It is your fault that I have make nothing of my life. Our home has been nothing but a playroom. I have been your doll-wife, just as at home I was fathers doll-child and here the children have been my dolls. (Act Three) This is how the concept and picture of marriage changes as the plot of the play goes.At the beginning of the play Nora and her husband seem to be a happy family, a husband and a wife who love each other. However, this happiness and love are built on a lie. Nora pretends that she is helpless without Torvalds protection and power I would never dream of doing anything you didnt want me to and I never get anywhere without your help (Act One), while the reader and spectator k straights that she has already rescued Torvalds life, and Noras words acquires dramatically ironical nature.When Mrs. Linde asks Nora if he ever reveals her secret about the loan, Nora shows her awareness of Torvalds real attitude to her as to a beautiful doll, which has to amuse h im Yes nigh day, perhaps, after many years, when I am no longer as pretty as I am now. Dont laugh at me I mean, of course, when Torvald is no longer as devoted to me as he is now when my dancing and dressing-up and reciting have palled on him then it may be a good thing to have something in reserve. (Act One)ConclusionAs the play starts, Nora makes an impression of a weak and powerless woman, whose life is fully devoted to her family life, while Torvald seems to be the personification of power and domination. Their relations are stupefy against the life story of Mrs. Linde, who at first denied her strong love to gain power and financial security. But by the end of the play the view changes, Nora finds herself and her individuality although loses her love, and Mrs. Linde turns back to her true feelings. The problems shown with the help of characters interaction are not resolved by the author. Ibsen demonstrates the conflicts, but does not give any ship canal out. He just offers t he possibilities, offering the readers and spectators to find their own viewpoint and solution. tie in article My Ideal WifeReferencesIbsen H. (1991) A Dolls House, Tram. W. Archer. London

Kona coffee Essay

Kona coffee company is unmatched of the largest coffee manufacturers in the state of hullo. Their products are made in Hawaii and they have over forty different flavors. Because the coffee beans are grown in Hawaii this is the only place it can be found. High-quality as well as luxurious products. Strong Point Corporate goal produces Political and Legal purlieu Great assessment in communication the need to be aware of not only American trade laws, but Japanese import laws as well.Coffee Market study about the numbers of coffee market was good in present the increase in coffee consumption. Also how Japan has become the solid grounds third largest importer of coffee. SWOT abstract Marketing Objectives Marketing Strategies subtile target market.Supply chain strategies Implementation Plan 1 2 Researching upscale stores, Partner with a local ad agency, and Promotions such as taste tests are minute idea. Sampling is the best focusing to upraise a product. Measurement an d Control Strategies Surveys are a great way to gain feedback both positive and negative. Weak Points Situation Analysis Markets. frugal Environment Could go more into detail about reasons why intricacy would be good in this market. How is Japans economy? Distribution Competitive Environment Promotion Strategies A little bit weak on publicity. The biggest promotion should be social media. Missing Points Situation Analysis could have at rest(p) more in depth Main competitors are not mentioned Product distribution missing Environmental factors Core fundamentals such as strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats need to be slightly mentioned Mission statement is missing. Although I did limit a cute quote on their web page The passion of the islands in every cup. Distribution Could have mentioned how much is distributed to to each one store Also how much is sold online My Conclusions Although Japan is in its infancy in coffee culture I think it would be an excellen t idea to offer Hawaiian coffee because Hawaii is seen as paradise. This analysis is missing in the report as well as Japans culture. They didnt mention the fact that Japans coffee shops serve as meeting populate for businessmen to talk and possibly capture overbold clients.It is very primary(prenominal) to understand origins of culture so as to understand how to promote new 2 3 products in the best way possible. They dont quit mention much about how brief japan customers escort a coffee shop and how to manage this problem.They would have to draw in and make the products attractive. It should be mentioned when Starbucks entered into Japan how it changed the views of coffee shops in Japan. It brought back a sit-and-have-a-chat style of coffee consumption.References http//www. hawaiianisles. com http//www. japantoday. com/category/opinions/view/japans-coffee-culture 3.

Christianity and Buddhism

Two different faiths christianity and Buddhism. These twain religions that have pillars centered on the Nazargonne deliverer and Gautama Buddha respectively. rescuerianity has had a wide influence, stretching across the cosmea and with leading figures like President George Bush (USA), Senator Hillary Clinton, and even the Pope, a uncanny leader of the Catholic Church and head of the Vatican sate. Buddhism, though mostly prevalent in the orient world, has penetrated the Western cultures, Hollywoods Richard Gere, Tina Turner, and L. A Lakers coach, Phil capital of Mississippi have identified with the Buddhists Faith through its spiritual leader the Dalai Lama.These deuce faiths have par entirelyels. In contrast or comparison the two faiths bump into and as well as depart at the foundational level of the very pillars of saviour deliverer and Gautama Buddha. The Differences At the very moment of parturition Jesus messiah was natural in a manger in the midst of want and desol ation. harmonise to biblical scriptures he was natural among the poor. Gautama Buddha on the former(a) hand, was born in a palace where his father who was the ruler of a region indoors present day Nepal, made sure that he lived within the pleasures and wealthiness of his empire.In addition, Buddha lived as a prince, as royal house whereas Christ was born into a family where the father figure was a carpenter and he had to learn the skills of carpentry. The graven image of Jesus Christ has a divergence from that of Buddha. Jesus Christ claimed that he was the solo Son of God. The leger in m each of its texts reaffirms this divinity to a tune of calling Jesus Christ, the front line of God as man. Buddha However, claimed no divinity in person. Only that about 700 years after Buddha passed on, Mahayana Buddhism wedded divinity to the character of Gautama. .Buddha worked out no miracles, signs or wonders. The bible however, in the New Testament is wrought with events of miracles of Jesus Christ. From the beginning of the synoptic credo or Matthew, through Mark, Luke and John, the Lord Jesus Christ healed the l helper low(p) stopped and calmed a raging sea among other miracles. Jesus Christ, verbalise on the mount espoused and blessed those who hunger and thirst for righteousness for they shall be satisfied. He encouraged his followers to seek first the soil of God and his righteousness and all other things would be added unto them (who believed).However Buddha apothegm the conduct of eliminating craving and desire and as such attains enlightment. Jesus Christ utter I am the Way, the Truth and the Life. Buddha however, took the role of a guide, a religious Way Shower. Buddha had a means to the nirvana for the believer, exclusively each believer had to find his or her own path Buddha is buried in the Himalaya Mountains, at Kusinara. He never resurrected. After crucifixion and death, Christ resurrected on the third day triumphing over death and sin. T he SimilaritiesThe Buddhist scriptures demonstrate of Buddhas mother, Mahamaya, being made to carry child Buddha in her womb through the power of the holy Spirit. Also a celestial messenger informed Mahamaya of the way she was to bear the son of the highest kings. Many other events followed the pedigree of Buddha like the appearance of the flower Star in the East, and also a group of angelic messengers noted the birth of Buddha. The birth of Christ is foret middle-aged in the scriptures of the bible as the mother Mary was made to recollect through the immaculate conception of the Holy Spirit.Angels also ministered unto Mary intercourse her that she would bear a son who would redeem the world. In addition the sense of the east shone bright and did guide the three Magi to see and proclaim the birth of the king of KingsAt the birth of Jesus Christ King Herod hang out to kill all the male firstborns with a view of eliminating any possible challenger to his throne. Not forgetti ng that Virgin Mary Mother of Jesus had to run and hide the kid Jesus from the executioners. For the case of Buddha he was born of a Virgin called Maya. King Bimbasara wanted him dead as he thought that Buddha would one day ascend the throne.Buddha amazed the wizened old men and priests of the temple skillful as Jesus Christ did to the Pharisees and teachers of the mosaic Law both achieved this at the age of 12. James Hastings, in the harbour encyclopedia of religion and ethics page 883 tells of Buddha demanding of his disciples that they renounce all forms of blase possessions. The number of the disciples increased rapidly, and Gautama sent forth his monks on missionary tours hither and thither, bidding them wonder everywhere, preaching the doctrine, and teaching them to order their lives with self restraints, simple mindedness and charity.On the other hand Jesus Christ called to himself the twelve disciples displace them out two by two. So they went out and preached that m en should rue Mark 67-12. According to the reserve of Mathew 2819, Jesus Christ was part of a trinity. The Chinese (1836) alludes to the fact that Buddha is part of trinity. Indeed the two are part of trinities expressed in both religions. At birth Buddha was declared divine as was Jesus Christ. The book of Mathew, tells of the Magi who came to present Jesus with gifts and worshipping him as divine.On the other hand the divinity of Buddha was bestowed on him according to the Buddhist faith. The book of Matthew 22 has an angel announcing the birth of Jesus Christ. Buddhas birth was also foretold by a celestial body. They both claimed to be royal descent. Jesus Christ traced his bloodline to that of King David. Buddha, whose father is Sodhodana, has the royalty also traced to the first dynasty of Maha Sammata. At the birth Christ was presented with gifts of myrrh, frankincense and gold. On the other hand, Buddha received precious substances and priceless Jewels.The synoptic gospel o f Matthew tailcoat of the transfiguration of Jesus Christ on the mountain. For Buddha, it also happened on a mountain where A flame of light engulfed his head, shining as the sunshine or moon. The scriptures tell of the angels praising in heaven at their birth. For Jesus, the bible records, Glory to God in the highest and on earth mollification, state of grace among men. For Buddha it is written Today, Bodhisattva is born on earth, to depart joy and peace to men and Devas (angels), to shed light on the dark places, and to give quite a little to the blind.De Bunsen, in page 45 notes that Buddha was baptize in the presence of the spirit of God. Jesus Christ in Matthew 316 is baptized in the presence of the spirit of God. According to Max. Muller in the book Introduction to the Science of Religion, two very similar incidences happened in the lives of Jesus and Buddha. Muller explains Ananda, the disciple of Buddha, after a long manner of walking in the country, meets with Matangi , a cleaning charwoman of the low caste of the Kandalas, near a well and asks her for some waters. She tells him what she is and that she must not come near him.Ananda replies my sister, I ask not for your caste or family, I ask only for a drought of water. She afterwards becomes a disciple of Buddha. The bible on the other hand tells the yarn of the Samaritan woman. According to the book of John 47-9 there came a woman of Samaria to draw water Jesus tell to her give me a drink for his disciples had gone to the city to buy food. The Samaritan woman said to him how is it that you, a Jew, ask a drink of me, a woman of Samaria? for Jews have no dealing with Samaritans, They launched their careers at an almost similar age.Its at age 29 that Buddha went to the garden, saw a monk who was calm, tranquil, self possessed, serene and dignified. The prince, (Buddha, determined to become such a monk. The Christian book says Jesus, when he begun his ministry, was about 30 years of age. tw o were tempted by the devil. In Matthew 410, All these I will give you if you worship me Christ was told. And Buddha was told go not forth to adopt a religious life but return to your kingdom and in vii days you shall become emperor of the world, riding over four continents.Both celebrated overcoming evil, for Jesus, according to Matthew 411 the angels come and ministered to him. For Buddha, The skies rained flowers, as delicious odors prevailed in the air EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Perhaps the best conclusion to these differences and similarities are the actions made in the lives and times of these men. And this has to do with expressing faith where skepticism abounds. So another similarity among the two men is come, so creature got out of the boat and walked on the water and came to Jesus, but when he saw the wind he was afraid, and beginning to sink he cried out.Lord, save me as shown in Matthew 1429-30. Buddha showed skeptical villagers his disciple walking across a river without sink ing. In addition some incidences attest to the similarity of their place like the time that Buddha took a purifying birth in the river Nerajara, just as Christ Jesus too was baptized in the river Jordan. The bible recounts the journey of Christ riding on a donkey with fronds of cover spread out for him on the way. Though slightly different the story of Buddha is centered on his riding a horse, with flowers being tossed by angels.Jesus Christ was poor, lacking in earthly possessions and encouraging the wealthy to sell all they had and follow him. Buddha was no different he took an oath of embracing impoverishment and even wondered home Less, advising his disciples, who were 12 as those of Jesus, to travel without money, trusting to the aid of providence. 1. http//www. probe. org 2. http//www. lucidcafe. com 3. http//www. encyclopedia. farlex. com/buddhist. 4. http//www. moonpointer. com 5. http//www. songha. org/index. html

Nutrition and Vegetables Essay

Vegetables argon a very important part of our diet. Vegetables atomic number 18 an excellent source for fiber, vitamins A and C, potassium, calcium, and iron. Researchers train discovered that having a practised diet of fruits and vegetables corporation lower blood pressure, reduces the risk of heart disease, apoplexy and possibly some types of cancers. It can also lower your risk of optic problems and digestive problems.Vegetables are eaten in a variety of ways much(prenominal) as main meals or for snacks. The nutritional content in vegetables can vary considerably. Most vegetables do not contain protein or fat. The dry beans, peas, and lentils are a good source of complex carbohydrates and can fall(a) in high protein content. Sometimes these types of vegetables can be used to some boundary as a meat substitute. Potatoes and corn are very squiffy vegetables. These types of vegetables turn into sugar.Vegetables fill a variety of colors. They can range from sulky green to a beautiful orange color. The dark green vegetables are usually the leafy vegetables, and squash, pumpkin, and sweet potatoes are examples of the orange family. Some vegetables have a red/blue coloring such as aubergine and red cabbage.M whatever articles today have different ideas on the summation or servings of vegetables a person should eat per day. The amounts can range from cardinal (2) up to nine (9) servings per day. The majority of nutrition specialists suggest 2-1/2 cups per day. Potatoes do not count in your servings per day The best bet for servings are the dark leafy greens, tomatoes, and anything that is yellow, orange, or red color. According to the National genus Cancer Institute, not enough fruits and vegetables are begetd or imported to supply all of the volume in the United States for a healthy diet of louvre servings per person per day.Another problem affecting vegetable growth is bugs and insects. scientific studies have been conducted that support the c laim that insects attack plants that do not get a line the proper balance of nutrients.The number of documented outbreaks of human infections associated with raw vegetables and unpasteurized fruit juices has increased in recent years. Most of the outbreaks were identified in the main as Salmonella. Tomatoes, seed sprouts, cantaloupe, apple juice and orange juice are the most recent vegetables to be linked to the Salmonella bacterium. The E. coli infection has been found in lettuce, sprouts, and apple juice.It is very hard to determine the source of contamination for the bacteria for vegetables. Unlike beef and chicken that are thoroughly inspected, methods for fresh produce are not as advanced. The contamination could occur at any point throughout the production process. Some of the potential sources of contamination imply soil, feces, irrigation water, dust, insects, and human handling.Recently the Center for Disease Control has had a across the nation recall on alfalfa sprou ts with the Salmonella bacteria and for romaine lettuce containing the E. coli bacteria.In conclusion, people have been consuming meats and vegetables since the beginning of time. I am sure umteen people died back in the beginning of time from the diseases and bacteria we have discovered today. We must consume meats and vegetables to survive. Humans cannot live on water alone. If individuals today will use common knowledge on preparing meats and vegetables, a lot of issues such as the contamination and bacteria would not exist. every(prenominal) in all the meats and vegetables today are safe and nutritious. If consumed in the correct amounts, we will have a healthy, long, enjoyable life.

Career Choices Essay

portalMaking the perfect c beer choice is a spirittime ending that testament invite a relentless impression on your life and the life of your future family. As we all grow up in life we hear from our p arnts and mentors that if you decide to incur a race that you dis c atomic number 18, you offer spend a life time lively a miser adapted lifestyle and your life story propose attain a short life span. In vice-versa, if you find something that you love to do in life and you argonable to sop up that into a long buy the farming move. It for find seem like you squander never piece of worked cardinal mean solar mean solar day in your life. Through come forth time, many working class psyches stupefy elect to pursue educations in finagleers that will lead to a future invigoration a stable lifestyle however it is non what their true passions argon in life. So they are stuck doing something that they hate in life still because they have to work in order to provide a fitted lifestyle for themselves and family.An different critical aspect that you moldiness take into love when reservation a career choice is to befool a thoroughly-grounded consideration on whether you can grow inside of the career conclusiveness you make or will you remain static performing one position for the rest of your life. The reason why a bevy of individuals fill to go to college is because they are stuck in a dead end romp that has no momentum to further gain a promotion or advance in pay. In my opinion, entrepreneurship should be every individuals long term goal in life.The ultimate decision making factor in choosing a career and working for a enceinte company is to get the working experience making mistakes under other companies supervision, so when you begin to start your own company you will already have the experience to make smart crease decisions and know how to make your company prosperous. evening though in that respect are a green goddess of broad career choices out there in the world, I think that a career in each health and health or software system get uping would be the crush fit for me because they will destine me the opportunity to grow, both studys are very challenging, and they both will depict me the opportunity to prosper and own a private company. 1The Importance of Having A software system Engineering Technical CareerSince the young 1940s the software technology plain stitch has been growing rapidly as a challenging and profound profession for a lot of software students that would like to inquire skills that overhauls to maximize the quality and relieve oneself entropybase software. Since this time slight software programmers have found ways to improve these components by change magnitude their speed, security, usability, cost, testability, size, readability, and stability. Engineers have developed problem software that have changed the world and has accommodate this same plan onto m any star sign computers so consumers can have the same usability as larger corporations from the comfort of their own lap hint computer. computing device innovation has evolved grandly since the 1940s with mellower advanced platforms that are able to integrate line of merchandisees with consumers easier, through the invention of the World Wide Web. Laptop computers on with tablets have created an easier and more efficient way to irritate the internet with access to public networks that can be routed from any major hotel or agile food restaurant, and mobile phone technology that has been envisioned by mac and Android allow consumers to stay connected to the world from the comfort of a palm sized device. It takes a very talented array of programmers to design these devices and with the world of technology at the forefront of driving innovation this career field is here to stay. With stability also come harvest-home and business opportunities for talented engineers to step up and continue driving this career field to unknown places.Opportunity For GrowthRecently CNN money came out with an obligate titled Best Jobs in America which had a detailed listing of the top 100 careers in America with great pay and produce potential. It was not a surprise to see software architects at the top of the list at number 1 with a 10 course of instruction job maturement forecast of 34% beating out other leading career opportunities such as physician assistants coming in at number 2, and management consultant coming in at number 3. CNN has stated, 2Like architects who design buildings, they create the blueprints for software engineers to fall out and pitch in with programming too. Plus, architects are often called on to work with customers and product managers, and they serve as a link between a companys tech and business staffs (CNN Money, 2010). Making this a well-diversified career field where you get the opportunity to work inside a homy office setting scarce also visit customers at their facilities and help out with customer service issues at remote locations. Along with the especial(a) growth potential this career path shares, it also can create amazing entry take financial stability as well as stated in figure 1 below tenth% 25th% 75th% 90th%As you advance your experience and expertise in the software engineer career field, programmers have the option to choose a specific craft such as a good support engineer, C++ software engineer, or lead software engineer where your average annual income can range from $63,000 upwards to $120,000 a form easily based on an individuals knowledge.The ChallengeEven though ultimate career stability along with a great compensation plan and benefits sounds great from the outside looking in we must also understand that with great opportunities also comes a great challenge. schedule in laments terms can be contributed to dealing a mho language such as 3Spanish. It takes a lot of apply time to perfe cting this skill along with training. Depending on your decided expertise there may be a long ton of syntax and logical book of instructions that you have to learn in order to program effectively and unluckily most of this time is spent outside a classroom or job setting really learning the craft at home on an individuals personal time.But in a more positive perspective a lot of these languages such as Java, C, and Visual Basic derive from the parent language of C++ so if you are able to get a great concept for this computing language the others will come fairly efficient for reference programmers. Another positive aspect to this career field is since there are such high demands for these positions a lot of companies offer entry level programming positions offered to developers that have no experience so this will give individuals the opportunity to work under mid and senior level technicians to learn the ropes.A lot of individuals stray away from challenge, growth, and hard wor k but this is a career field that awards individuals for hard work, and gives techs the opportunity to learn a new aspect of the business every single day which makes this career field interesting. Below in figure 2 is a overturechart that shows the career path a software engineer should take in order to become great at their craft and make a nice 6 figure income.Progression chartA career progression chart generally resembles the one below. It may pull up stakes from company to company. Role Years of experienceTrainee software engineer 0-1Software engineer 1-2Senior software engineer 2-4System analyst 3-5 bulge leader 5-8Figure 2ExpressComputerOnline.Com career roadmap for software engineers4 structure A BusinessOne could only imagine that one day a company that was started in your parents garage would evolve and become a multi-billion dollar company that has millions of dedicated customers, and releases innovative products that changes the world every year. comfortably this is n ot a dream anymore it has actually been a candor for major companies such as Google, Apple, and Macintosh which have all started out of garages. The biggest disadvantage the many software developers face when building their own business is they do not have a lot of business experience, but with help from outsourcing agencies such as fog creek which specializes in the suppuration and startup of technology companies they state that if you have an innovative product that can compete for market share versus other companies all you have to do is market, sale, price, and hire exceptionally well (Fog Creek Software, 2011). Which is not an easy butt against but if you are able to do it effectively your business will have a fair chance of competing in a immensely competitive marketplace.How A Health And health Career Will urinate A Great Business CareerIndividual health and health have been in the forefront of the world for many decades now being led by activist groups and government agenciesinitiating Go Green trade campaigns and household tax credits for individuals and homeowners who convert their lifestyles to a more rock-loving and energy efficient environment. CNN states that health and wellness physiciansPerform routine care such as physicals and tests, counseling patients, and even prescribing medication, all under a doctors supervision. Todays doctor shortage will only worsen as boomers age and health care refine brings more patients into the system, creating a huge need for this field (CNN Money, 2010).5So even with an aging population this will continue to be a career path that will always be in high demand.Opportunity For GrowthOn the CNN money web condition that was print earlier in the year physicians assistants that also are in health and wellness practices partake in the number 2 position with a 39% 10 year annual growth forecast. Even though going green and quick health is not new in the minds of many Americans a lot of individuals have no t accepted the lifestyle thus living in an unhealthy environment. Statistics have shown that just in woman alone Recent national data show that 82.1 percent of Black women and 75.7 percent of Hispanic women are intemperate or obese compared to 59.5 percent of White women (Ogden, 2012).This shows that there is still a lot of room for growth in this industry and still barriers to pull out down before this money making opportunity really explodes. In college classrooms instructors have put a major emphasis on students belief their patients how their living environments vastly effect there personal health and living an unhealthy personal lifestyle will have a vastly negative effect on their health. With more educators out there push button the idea and government agencies pushing the effort there is a ton of room for growth in this industry. Health and wellness physicians make a pretty comfortable lifestyle as represented below in figure 3, and it is also pretty run acrossing know ing that you are changing individual lives by helping them improve their health.The ChallengeWith any career field that is rewarding and has a tremendous opportunity for growth there are some challenges and risk that must be taken into consideration. Just like with the software engineering career path there is a journey that needs to be taken before you have the appropriate chest of drawers to recommend patients for certain treatments and products. There was an article posted in the new-sprung(prenominal) England Journal by Michael Porter which makes an argument that states, By shifting our concentrate on on value, simply defined as quality divided by cost, we can lower costs and improve quality (Porter, 2011).So in order to make this a rewarding career path, consumers would have to worst their focus as well which makes this a difficult path to choose. teaching method will not be a hard factor to fulfill because there are tons of institutions that offer individuals certificatio n opportunities and there was an article on livestrong.com that supports health and wellness professionals that states, If you have a passion for health and wellness, sharing your interest can enrich the lives of others as well. College majors in kinesiology or exercise science can teach skills for exercise and wellness careers but may not be required to obtain certifications (Case, 2011). 7Building A BusinessBuilding a Health and Wellness Company may not be easy but if we are able to get it off the ground and running it does offer a tremendous reward and fulfillment knowing that you are offering individuals great products and services that will change their lives by allowing them to live a fitter fulfilling lifestyle. There are even lots of companies out there in the market today which assist business minded individuals such as Melaleuca in helping individuals start their own health and wellness companies. They provide products along with customer service to those who are small com panies and need outsourcing to get started. This helps break down a lot of barriers and makes the transition into entrepreneurship a lot easier.ConclusionDeveloping a career in software engineering or health and wellness can be very growth orientated, lucrative, and rewarding careers that both give back to the community. Even though there are a lot of great career choices out there in the world, I believe that a career in either health and wellness or software engineering would be the best fit for me because they will give me the opportunity to grow, both fields are very challenging, and they both will give me the opportunity to prosper and own a private company.I was always told in my life that as you begin to mature in life an individual should always have three forms of income coming in which first is a primary income which results from a regular steady job. The second is an alternate income which may result from a part time job or secondary business. While the last form of reven ue may result from investing or savings income.My final career choice decision is to pursue software engineering as my primary income since I have dedicated so more time and effort towards learning the craft, and pursuing my bachelors mark in Computer Information Systems will help me get a great entry level position with a great startle pay.Plus I have a passion for innovation and get it on the challenge of learning something new every day. Second, I also have a passion for helping others and with the sales background that I currently have it would be an excellent opportunity for me to build a business starting a secondary health and wellness company merchandising health certified products to homeowners that wish to live a healthy and rifle lifestyle.ReferencesCase, H. (2011, June 14). Exercise & wellness careers. Retrieved from http//www.livestrong.com/article/325785-exercise-wellness-careers/ CNN Money. (2010). Best jobs in America. Retrieved from http//money.cnn.com/magazin es/moneymag/bestjobs/2010/snapshots/1.html CNNMoney. (2010). Best jobs in America. Retrieved from http//money.cnn.com/magazines/moneymag/bestjobs/2010/snapshots/2.html Fog Creek Software. (2011, June 12). Building great software companies. Retrieved from http//www.fogcreek.com/guide/ Ogden, C. (2012, January 10). grueling and obesity in the u.s. Retrieved from http//frac.org/initiatives/hunger-and-obesity/obesity-in-the-us/ Porter, M. (2011, March 6). The value proposition for health care. Retrieved from http//cfplt.com/the-value-proposition-for-healthcare-a-challenge-for-physician-leadership/

Billy Elliot Family

Describe at l easterly ONE belief that was worth acquisition virtually in the text(s). Explain wherefore the judgement was worth skill about in the text(s) as a whole, using ensamples of visual and/or oral language features to support your roots. The engage billy Elliot directed by Stephen Daldry, is set in the miners town of Durham in the north east of Engand in the 1980s. The dissipate focuses on billy club Elliot, a 12 family old boy who is wardrobed and abused by his violent family as he tries to pursue his love of saltation in a predominantly miners town where ballet is for girls.An idea I tangle was worth learning about tin the film was the idea of family transaction. I believe this idea was worth learning about because it marched me why Jackie and billy goat held such trade for he-goats ballet, he-goats feelings as a result of his families pressure and that family bonds can overcome massive adversity. passim the film, Daldry uses a range of film tech niques to portray this idea of family relations. The original rea give-and-take why the idea of family relations was worth learning about was because it figureed me why baton and Jackie held such assumption for wands ballet.Throughout the film, he-goat and Jackie represent the major obstacle billy has to overcome to pursue his love of ballet. Following the recent death of Tony and Billy mother (Jackies wife) e very(prenominal)one in the family is wrought with grief. Adding to this is the intensity of the miners strike pass on in the town which Jackie and Tony ar problematic in. In this tense home environment, the last thing they wanted was their son to be doing ballet, especially in the highly stereotypical society they lived in where ballet dancers are labeled as poofs. The main reason Tony and Jackie detested ballet so much, was because it reflects badly on the family.Tony and Jackie are great fans of wadding and push Billy towards it, even though he is blatantly visi onary at boxing. With the high pressure of the time they are in, Billys doing ballet is the last straw and Jackie and tony are furious. An example from the film to show Jackie and Tonys opposition to ballet is the dialogue when Jackie says to Billy Ballet is for girls Billy. Boys do things like boxing or wrestling, not friggin ballet The patronizing lumber Jackie uses and the incredulousness in his voice shows his obvious disdain for Billy. Another example from the film to show Jackies hate of ballet is hen he sees Billy in the ballet class for the first time. The background sound of the cushy playing cuts out, creating a suspenseful environment, and the close up blastoff of Jackies red, manic face shows his rage at Billy doing ballet. The curt dialogue, You let on , seals the deal showing there is no hope in Jackies eyes for Billy to lead participating in ballet classes. The idea of family relations showed me that Jackie and Tony held such disdain for Billys ballet at a lowe r place the high pressure circumstances they were in, and they didnt want their families reputation to be tarnished by having a poof in the family.The second reason why the idea of family relations was worth learning about was because it showed me Billys feelings as a result of his familys pressure. Ever since he first sees Miss Wilkinsons ballet class jump in the boxing gym, he is hooked on ballet as it is a elbow room for him to express his natural love of dance. He in secret studys with the class by telling his family he is attending the boxing classes. However, when Jackie sees him, his ballet classes are in jeopardy as his family is strongly against him training.But Billy continues to train secretly with private lessons with Miss Wilkinson. The first feeling I was shown as a result of his families pressure Billys love of ballet and dancing. Billys perseverance under his familys pressure to continue with ballet throughout the film showed me Billy loved ballet so much he was willing to stand up to his violent family. An example of Billys love of ballet is the close up shot of his face after he nails his first pirouette. His face shows a big grinning smile, showing his happiness at succeeding at ballet.While sight is going on, there is a crosscut to a montage of Billy In his bathroom practicing pirouettes. This showed his commitment to ballet. Throughout the film, there are overly many symbols to show Billy is caged in by his family and he wants to good luck assuage from their traditions and do what he loves. An example of this is when Billys fuss first sees him doing ballet. Jackie is on the outside of the cage and Billy on the inside, symbolising that Billy is trapped by his familys traditions.Another example is that the scenes of the mining hamlet were shot in a tight-knit claustrophobic way to show that Billy was again trapped by the traditions of the town and was claustrophobic, when Billy is dancing however, the shot widens up to show that when Billy is dancing he is free from his families pressure and expectations. The idea of family relations showed me that through his familys pressure and traditions, Billys love of dancing was very great by the way he continued on with it scorn his violent family, and that he felt caged in and claustrophobic by the miners town.The final reason why the idea of family relations was worth learning about was that it showed me that family bonds can overcome great obstacles. Early on in the film, Jacke and Tony are strongly against Billy go along with ballet. This is symbolized by dialogue such as Ballet is for girls Billy, and close up shots are used showing Tony and Jackies faces showing anger and defeat when the conversation concerns ballet. This multifariousnesss when Jackie sees Billy dance for the first time.He is moved by Billys passion and talent for dancing. In this scene, defiant music is vie while Billy dances for Jackie showing he is finally standing up to Jackie. From here on in the film, Jackie starts to support Billy in his dancing by attempting to go back to the mines and selling his wifes jewellery, which is very special to him. This change was very significant to me, as it showed that family bonds and the love in families could overcome obstacles, financial and social, as great ad the ones the Elliot family overcome.An example of the change in the Elliot family is that at the beginning of the film, Tony and Jackie are often portrayed by low angle shots when their behavior is threatening to Billy showing they are dominant, but towards the end of the film they are portrayed in mid-shots when talk of the town to Billy to show equality between the family members. An example of this is when Jackie is talking to Billy in the meadow. This idea of family relations showed me that family bonds could overcome great obstacles and that family love is unconditional, despite the harsh circumstances.In conclusion, the film Billy Elliot by Stephen Daldry fo cuses on Billy as he tries to pursue his love of ballet despite the pressure of his family and their traditions. The idea of family relations in the film helped me to understand why Billys family was so against ballet, what Billys feelings were throughout the film and how family bonds can overcome great obstacles. Throughout the film, Daldry uses a range of film techniques to portray Tony and Jackies obvious disdain for ballet, Billys love of ballet and the tumultuous time the Elliot family is going throughout following the death of Jackies wife and the miners strikes.