Giotto Bizzarrini and the Bizzarrini BZ2001 :: essays papers

Giotto Bizzarrini and the Bizzarrini BZ2001When youre to look upon the Bizzarrini BZ-2001, youd see that there are no bounds to the conceit of Italian car stylists. The BZ-2001 is the work of Giotto Bizzarrini whose portfolio includes many past exotic cars. Right now, the BZ-2001 rides on the tubular chassis of a Ferrari Testarossa, and is powered by the Ferraris 380-horsepower flat-12-cylinder engine. plainly true to past Bizzarrini designs, plans are afoot to switch to American small-block V-8 power, and to discard the Ferraris frame for a chassis built solely of carbon fiber. With much power and less weight than the car has now, performance should be phenomenal. Many people might think that this is an all-Italian automobile, but its not. It was first started when Berry Watkins, who is a resident of California, sketched a few crude line bill of exchanges of what this dream car could look like. He then showed these drawings to Ing. Giotto Bizzarrini at the Pebble Beach Concours DElegance event. At this event, Berry Watkins was displaying his Scaglietti Berlinetta Corvette, which was considered by many that attended to be one of the most beautiful Italian bodied sports cars at Pebble Beach that year. Ing. Giotto Bizzarrini was very impressed with Berrys work. Giotto Bizzarrini and Mr. Watkins transfer ideas about what a future sports car or super car would look like. It was evident that Giotto Bizzarrini was very interested in the ideas Mr. Watkins offered. While all of the sketches and drawing were being exchanged, an agreement was signed in May of 1991 between Giotto and Giuseppe Bizzarrini and Mr. Watkins whereby the concept automobile would be the responsibility of Bizzarrini, and the construction, finance and development would be the responsibility of Mr. Watkins. In April of 1990, Luis Romo was elected to be the BZ-2001 project manager. Luis had been the vagabond Manager for the Dodge Viper Prototype at Metal Crafters. He was also on the Maz da Miata design team and was the Project Manager for the Plymouth Speedster and many, many other exciting development projects. To realize Bizzarrinis concept drawings and sketches, Luis translated them into a 1/5 clay model which was then compared to the original 1/8 plastic model presented to Bizzarrini and there was basically very little similarity in proportion or style. There were many designers that came from all part of the world to work on the CAD (Computer Aided Design) part of the project.

William Shakespeares A Midsummer Nights Dream Essay -- Shakespeare M

William Shakespeares A Midsummer Nights DreamShakespeare, in his A Midsummer Nights Dream, practises his characters to cast a sense of derision over the use of the predilection. The lunatic, the lover and the poet are thrown together all on one line, and it is implied that the latter two are as crazy as the first. (Midsummer Nights Dream, V.1.7) Despite this seeming scorn for plays and their ilk, Shakespeare is implementing a strong irony. Characters who scorn the imagination are no more than imaginings themselves and, by this, Shakespeare is actually reinforcing a positive discover of plays of the imagination. Theseuss denial of imaginations worth reads more as apophasis than as any true refutation. Even as he scorns the poet for giving joyous nothing/ A local habitation and a name, he vividly conjures images through metaphor. (V.1.18) Indeed, he is no more than an imagining named by a poet himself which lends the writing still depth on multiple levels. On Shakespeares le vel, Theseus as a character lends himself well to irony he is a sort of Fool in disguise. His witty wordplay and flowing metaphors are backed by his confidence that such shaping fantasiesare more than cool reason ever comprehends. (V.1.5) Theseus considers himself a shaft of cool reason and thus enters the irony, for he dis retrieves his own existence. Only some of the audience may have understood the irony. Shakespeares plays had a wide audience, and both nobles and groundlings that is, peasants attended. The playwrights humor had to keep all classes entertained the nobles because they sponsored the theater (and increased his fame), and the groundlings because their rotten fruit would otherwise voice their displea... ...inforces the positive image of plays which Shakespeare wishes to personate that is, it shows that plays do matter, whether or not you believe they can affect the world just as, in the play, magic does have a hand, whether or not its subjects believe in i t. To strengthen his message, Shakespeare draws parallels between the cynical voice of reason, Theseus, and the nobles in his intended audience. Thus, said nobles might see how little good Theseuss cynicism ultimately did him, and that, as he was wrong in disbelieving in the fairies power over the lovers, he might be wrong in disbelieving the worth of imagination and plays, and their power over the world of cool reason.Works Cited Shakespeare, William. Edited Barbara A. Mowat and Paul Werstine. A Midsummer Nights Dream. Folger Shakespeare Library ed. New York Washington Square Press Drama, 1993.

The Perpetual Battle Against Censorship Essay -- The Fight Against Cen

There is more than one way to burn a book, (176) says Ray Bradbury when explaining the reason he wrote Fahrenheit 451. Bradbury at the time was upset about condensed books, or books which had been simplified for easier reading. Luckily, this fad seems to have passed. However, he was also upset about people who wrote ask him to change the role of women or African-Americans to make them more or less dominant in some of his works. One of the major themes in Fahrenheit 451 was beneficial that a society where everyone got what they wished and literature was eliminated entirely so it wouldnt offend anyone. Sadly, this still continues to happen in the fall in States. Many books have been banned from school and general libraries because of language, sexual innuendos, violence, religion, alternate lifestyles, and even for being anti-family (Challenges . . .). Although the burning of books simply for the sake of eradicating them is a futile effort today, as Bradbury stated, cen soring or banning them is basically the same thing. However, should literature be banned for offending a few? Many people dont think so, and they have U.S. laws to back them up. Not only is the censoring of literature in violation of the U.S. Constitutions first amendment, but it also deprives the American people of culture and knowledge. The main argument against censorship is, of course, the first amendment to the Constitution of the coupled States. The first amendment reads Congress shall make no law respecting on establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the pinch or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of gr... ...e American Library Association. n.d. 13 Mar. 2014. http//www.ala.org/bbooks/frequentlychallengedbooks/top100Parkinson, Sid. Miltons Areopagitica. Discourse 14 (Fall 1995). 12 Mar. 2014. http//www.stlawrenceinstitute.org/vol14mit.h tml Remy, Richard C. United States Government Democracy in Action. New York The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2012. Stanton McCandlish on the CDA (fwd). 14 Feb. 1996. 21 Feb. 2014. http//lawlibrary.ucdavis.edu/LAWLIB/feb96/0400.htmlWeisberger, Bernard A. Chasing Smut in Every Medium. American Heritage Dec. 1997. 12 Feb. 2014. http//www.dc.peachnet.edu/yliu/papr/comstock.htm). Woolsey, John M. The monumental Decision of the United States District Court Rendered December 6, 1933, by Hon. John M. Woolsey Lifting the Ban on Ulysses. Ulysses. New York Random House, 6 Dec. 1943. pp ix-xiv.

Bate Besong’s Beasts of no Nations :: Bate Besong Beasts Nations Essays

Bate Besongs Beasts of no Nations Drama is one genre in Literature whose functionality in caller cannot be under estimated. It is an active and pragmatic genre because there is harmony and a practical relationship betwixt the audience and the gamblingtis personae. It thus imitates its hunting lodge at best. From this, it is difficult to separate drama from government politics being a science that deals with the state and the condition of the hu slice company.Bate Besong is one of the most celebrity Cameroonian playwright of English expression, in any event Bole Butake, Victor Epie Ngome and John Nkemngong, who is of the younger generation of Cameroonian playwrights in English. Even then, Bate Besongs plays cede not gained impetus in the look of critics. But examining the content and form of Beasts of no Nations,a play he published in 1990, one can justifiedly conclude that Bate Besong is an experimentalist playwright and a reformer. That is, one who uses art with the hope of changing the state of affairs in his ailing Cameroonian society. It is in this get by that he becomes a political writer.I defend the hypothesis here that drama and politics are inseparable. Drama does not only mirror society but plays the role of a conscientizing, since man is only a political being and not a political genius. My goal in this paper entrust be to assess the relationship that exists between drama and politics and its results in society.The sociological come would be used to analyse the relationship between drama and politics in Batae Besongs play. This approach is based on the assumption that literary works are reflections of society. Critics of the approach hold that the arrest of the actual society is very important in the understanding of the textual society. In this case a literary work becomes the product of the community. I find this approach relevant in that I am overtaking to be dealing with a subject, which holds text and societalrelationship.T his paper has been structured into two broad chassiss the first phase looks at drama as a genre, politics as a discipline and their relationship. The next phase looks at how Bate Besong uses the art of drama to handle some burning issues in Post-independent Cameroon Aristotle defines drama as action. Action results from the interaction between the dramatis personae. Through action, the audience understands the conflicts and follows closely how it is resolved.Bate Besongs Beasts of no Nations Bate Besong Beasts Nations EssaysBate Besongs Beasts of no Nations Drama is one genre in Literature whose functionality in society cannot be under estimated. It is an active and practical genre because there is harmony and a practical relationship between the audience and the dramatis personae. It thus imitates its society at best. From this, it is difficult to separate drama from politics politics being a science that deals with the state and the condition of the human society.Bate Beso ng is one of the most renown Cameroonian playwright of English expression, besides Bole Butake, Victor Epie Ngome and John Nkemngong, who is of the younger generation of Cameroonian playwrights in English. Even then, Bate Besongs plays have not gained impetus in the eyes of critics. But examining the content and form of Beasts of no Nations,a play he published in 1990, one can rightly conclude that Bate Besong is an experimentalist playwright and a reformer. That is, one who uses art with the hope of changing the state of affairs in his ailing Cameroonian society. It is in this light that he becomes a political writer.I defend the hypothesis here that drama and politics are inseparable. Drama does not only mirror society but plays the role of a conscientizing, since man is only a political being and not a political genius. My goal in this paper will be to assess the relationship that exists between drama and politics and its results in society.The sociological approach would be used to analyse the relationship between drama and politics in Batae Besongs play. This approach is based on the assumption that literary works are reflections of society. Critics of the approach hold that the understanding of the actual society is very important in the understanding of the textual society. In this case a literary work becomes the product of the community. I find this approach relevant in that I am going to be dealing with a subject, which handles text and societalrelationship.This paper has been structured into two broad phases the first phase looks at drama as a genre, politics as a discipline and their relationship. The next phase looks at how Bate Besong uses the art of drama to handle some burning issues in Post-independent Cameroon Aristotle defines drama as action. Action results from the interaction between the dramatis personae. Through action, the audience understands the conflicts and follows closely how it is resolved.

Tulare Township Essay -- Artificial Irrigation, Northern California

C-IrrigationThe familiar rural landscape of todays Tulare townspeople is the artificial creation of irrigation. The modern eyeaccustomed to the regularity of shaded orchards and the linear furrowed fields of row cropsfinds it difficult to imagine the countryside before irrigation, much little the arid, barren grassland that existed until the 1860s. One has a tendency to see this landscape as eternal. But the current rural scene is non yet a deoxycytidine monophosphate old.Although Tulare Township residents had long recognized the need for irrigation, irrigation on a mass scale came late to the district. The reasons for the delaypolitics, geography, technology, and economicstell, in microcosm, the San Joaqun Valley irrigation story.It did not take long for Californias small farmers to realize that dry farming, which depended on winter and spring rains, was not trustworthy. The first two decades of Californias Wheat Bonanza erathe 1860s and 1870ssaw wide variation in crop yields as the state alternated between drought and formula rainfall years. mend the large bonanza ranchers could survive the droughts of 18631865, 18701871, and 18731875, the small ranchers often failed. The Diablo Ranges rain shadow worsened the challenges for West Side grangers even below normal rainfall elsewhere could sedately jeopardize the West Side harvest.By 1870, the need for extensive irrigation in the San Joaqun Valley was clear, but how should Californians carry out(a) the task?The earliest Northern California tries at big irrigation were entrepreneurial ventures. Investors fashioned commercial irrigation companies that owned the canal system but not the irrigated lands. In the 1870s, land speculators regularly used this arrangement to st... ... to approve the bond sale. Although some accused Crittenden of defecting to the cattle interests, his reluctance may have reflected the general loss of rapture by West Side farmers for irrigation in the late-1870s.The drought of the 1870s had ended, and the wet years brought good West Side harvests. It no longer felt urgent to give money to avert crop failures. Besides, some farmers believed the district could not sell its bonds without state backing. The second Westside authorization act had not included such(prenominal) a provision after Bay Area interests had objected. As later experience would prove, the lack of state backing often placed a serious handicap on marketing irrigation securities.By 1880, the West Side Irrigation District, authorized but never implemented, had collapsed. Tulare Township would wait another thirty-five years for large-scale irrigation.

Tulare Township Essay -- Artificial Irrigation, Northern California

C-IrrigationThe familiar rural embellish of todays Tulare Township is the artificial creation of irrigation. The modern eyeaccustomed to the regularity of shaded orchards and the linear furrowed fields of row cropsfinds it difficult to imagine the countryside before irrigation, much less the arid, barren grassland that existed until the 1860s. One has a tendency to see this landscape as eternal. But the current rural scene is non yet a century old.Although Tulare Township residents had long recognized the need for irrigation, irrigation on a mass scale came late to the district. The reasons for the delaypolitics, geography, technology, and economicstell, in microcosm, the San Joaqun Valley irrigation story.It did not take long for Californias small farmers to picture that dry farming, which depended on winter and spring rains, was not trustworthy. The first two decades of Californias Wheat Bonanza erathe 1860s and 1870ssaw wide adaptation in crop yields as the state alternated b etween drought and normal rainfall years. While the large bonanza ranchers could survive the droughts of 18631865, 18701871, and 18731875, the small ranchers often failed. The Diablo throw ups rain shadow worsened the challenges for West nerve grangers even below normal rainfall elsewhere could seriously jeopardize the West situation harvest.By 1870, the need for extensive irrigation in the San Joaqun Valley was clear, but how should Californians carry out the task?The earliest Northern California tries at large irrigation were entrepreneurial ventures. Investors fashioned commercial irrigation companies that owned the canal system but not the irrigated lands. In the 1870s, land speculators regularly used this arrangement to st... ... to approve the stupefy sale. Although some accused Crittenden of defecting to the cattle interests, his reluctance may have reflected the general loss of enthusiasm by West Side farmers for irrigation in the late-1870s.The drought of the 1870s ha d ended, and the awry(p) years brought good West Side harvests. It no longer felt urgent to spend money to avert crop failures. Besides, some farmers believed the district could not sell its bonds without state backing. The second Westside authorization act had not included such a provision after Bay Area interests had objected. As later experience would prove, the lack of state backing often placed a serious handicap on marketing irrigation securities.By 1880, the West Side Irrigation District, authorized but never implemented, had collapsed. Tulare Township would wait another thirty-five years for large-scale irrigation.

Plague, Pox and Pestilence: Disease in History Essay

The daybook Plague, Pox and Pestilence is an interesting and complete survey of epidemics and complaints, which have occurred in the past. The book was written by a historian, and it contains a lot of detailed information that puts the progression of various epidemics into view, as they relate to societies that are in their developing stages. western imperialism, Western elites, Western religions, and Western medicine have made these epidemics even more dreadful.Throughout the text, short contemporary reports are shown, which suggest that these epidemics have had an enormous impact on society, especially during the peak of their outbreaks. The book is also aesthetically illustrated with a lot of engravings, drawings and photographs that were collected from plenty of sources. Some of the sources used for this book back as farthest as the 15th century. Although not a hard science book, it should be of enormous interest to all microbiologists.Its size and appearance suggest that the book is aimed at the coffee table to which it would be an interesting if somewhat gruesome addition. Westwell, J. The book Plague, Pox and Pestilence is an interesting read because it brings into focus, the pathogenic killers diseases of the developing world (bubonic plague, leprosy, smallpox, syphilis, cholera, and the tropical fevers, malaria and yellow fever. ) About the Author.Kenneth Kiple is the author of the book plague, pox and pestilence He has written several other books including the book Black Yellow Fever Immunities, unconditional and Acquired, as Revealed in the American South, A Movable Feast Ten Millennia of Food Globalization (2007), Contemporary Authors (1939), The Caribbean Slave A Biological History (Studies in Environment and History) (2002), Blacks in Colonial Cuba (1976), The African Exchange Toward a Biological History of Black People (1988), The Cambridge World History of Human complaint (1993), another(prenominal) Dimension to the Black Diaspora Diet, D isease and Racism (2003), The Cambridge World History of Food (2000), The Cambridge Historical Dictionary of Disease (2003), and Stone agers in the fast lane? immediatelys health and yesterdays nutrition (University professor lecture series) (1995).He has also written several book reviews, including an article on Malaria Poverty, Race, and open Health in the United States, which was published in the Journal of Southern History on the 31st of July, 2005. Book Summary. The book Plague, Pox and Pestilence Disease in History states that epidemics have had an enormous impact on society, especially during the peak of their outbreaks. The book also tries to remind the reader of the larger problem of the consequences of allowing disease and pestilence to multiply, without checking their spread in time. The author succeeds in showing that epidemics have had an enormous impact on society and its development.The book also observes that it is unlikely that some(prenominal) pandemics would h ave become anything more than an epidemic without the modern methods of point. For example, Cholera unlike other diseases that require human transportation, can exist outside the human body. (Kiple, K. F. 1997). It is a bacterium and under the microscope it is shaped like a comma. It only affects humans. Epidemiologists believe that it evolved in the Ganges Delta region and until the modern era, was isolated to that area. Until the arrival of Europeans and their technological transportation inventions including railroads, steamships and canals, cholera had been restricted to India.For this reason, Cholera has been called a disease of the 19th century. Anyone having contact with an individual suffering from this ailment, his soiled bedding, clothing, or infected water sources was a authority victim and transporter of the disease. In its most virulent form, choleras death rates were, and are, over 50% for adults and overwhelmingly fatal for the elderly, infants, and the otherwise i nfirmed. (Kiple, K. F. 1997). The book also enlightens about the mortality rate of diseases like cholera, and about the fears and superstitions of a disease like cholera in the developing parts of the world, and the effects of much(prenominal) superstitions.With great justification, Cholera was perceived as a demonic, evil and foreign force similar if not worse than smallpox or the plague. In its most virulent forms, it was a highly efficient killer and often resulted in a 50% mortality rate among its healthy adult victims. Deaths in India amongst 1817 and 1860 are generally considered to have exceeded 15,000,000 persons. Another 23,000,000 died between 1865 and 1917. (Kiple, K. F. 1997). The authors reach has made a contribution to the academic community herein because the work succeeded in creating an awareness of diseases and the importance of controlling disease, so as to stop the growth of illness, especially among people in developing countries.

Infection Control

You can non seem to stop vomiting, your head should be permanently embedded in the toilet because you have non moved in ours. You know for current something is not right at this point because you have never felt this focus. You pick yourself off of the bathroom base and decide to head to the Emergency room. Upon your arrival you argon escorted to the back to be seen because of the degree of your illness. The doctor comes in your room and asks you a commixture of questions such as what you ate, when did the symptoms first begin.You inform your doctor nothing out of the ordinary and proceed to tell the doctor what you have consumed. You proceed to tell the doctor you made a chicken dish 2 nights before. The doctor stops you in your traps, he/she notices that it has been about a day and half since you ate and prepargond the chicken and your symptoms that you atomic number 18 currently experiencing. The doctor takes a look at you and says you have food poisoning. The doctor has i nformed you by either not cooking the chicken mighty or the intervention of the chicken you have been infected with Salmonella.This situation could have been easily avoided simply by cooking the meat to temperature, discussion the chicken with tutelage such as laundry uping your pass on right after expo accepted to the chicken and or wiping down everything that came in edge with the chicken with a piece spray. Infection accommodate is something that can be done and is quite simply at times, sometimes it is as easy as washing your detention. While more an(prenominal) community do not practice transmitting swan in their daily lives, using proper transmission control can eliminate illness, unhealthiness and redden death. Food Poisoning, 2013) Once you have been exposed to an transmittance and you are experiencing the terrible side effects, you want to know how you could have been infected. First and foremost, transmittance is fiestahead by tiny little microscopic organisms that we like to refer to as cetera and viruses. These little germs are base everywhere including our environment. Even us mankind have germs, they are in our body secretions that include our sas welll and in tiny little droplets that are produced by breathing, coughing and sneezing. Infections are spread by dint of many unalike personal manners.The first way that was already stated was with s alsol. Stool comprises germs that cause diarrhea and other transmissions that affect the intestinal tract that is imbed in feces. If for some reason a person doesnt right on demonstrate personal hygiene is can spread wrought contaminated hold, food, water and thus far other arises that the individual encounters. Most importantly these germs spread because they can survive long plosive speech sounds of time. The key to not spreading germs from stool is to properly washing your transfer each and every time one uses the laboratory.Another way infection is spread is thr ough with(predicate) with(predicate) droplets. The common cold, in grippeenza, and strep throat to name a few are spread through germs that are found in ones saliva and secretions of the nose. Anytime someone sneezes, coughs or wipes that dreadful runny nose it is coming from the respiratory tract THAT strike germs. These little germs can easily be inhaled or accidental land in someone else nose, mouth or even eye and then they too have now been infected. Like stated before majority of germs can hang around because they can with stand our environment for a long plosive consonant of time before dying off.Another way is advert with blood. There are numerous types of infection that can be spread by direct contact with blood. It Just takes a break in the skin or even contact with the mucous membranes for instance the nose and eye. Only takes a very weensy amount of blood to spread infection. Therefore anytime blood or body laid are seen handle with pity, such as always use gloves w hen handling such items and properly dispose of it and be sure to properly disinfect when the blood has been cleared up. Direct physical contact is another way infection is spread.For example ringworm and impetigo is easily spread by physical contact. Contaminated objects such as toys, bottles, and pacifiers are easy conductors for germs because the sick child plays or uses the item. whence the well child comes along and uses it and now they have been exposed. With that said it is imperative for an adult to constantly confecting and assonating toys and other items used by children. (How Infections Spread, 2011) There is variety of ways to help prevent the spread of infection, it is just a matter of practicing the strategies.The first and most important strategy to run across that infection will not spread is to simply wash your hands. According to Elizabeth Gillespie (2009), It is now recognized that hand hygiene is the primarily measure for infection prevention. She continues to add, When performed well, it reduces transmission of microbial pathogens both in community and in healthcare setting. Basically in a nutshell wash your hands to prevent whatever you have touched or were exposed to.Another way to prevent infection is environmental hygiene, one of the key sources for infection to spread is through environmental surfaces. Some types of bacteria have been proven to survive for months on environmental surfaces. Therefore when a person touches these surfaces with their hands or even another type of skin contact the infection is then transmitted from the surface to the individual. With that said it is very important to keep surfaces clean and disinfected. The third way to prevent infection is to get vaccinated.Vida, 2013) According to The Free Dictionary, 2013 vaccination is defined as A preparation of a weakened or killed pathogen, such as a bacterium or virus, or of a portion of the pathogens structure that upon governance stimulates antibody producti on or cellular immunity against the pathogen but is incapable of causing severe infection. Getting vaccinated at a young age and proceed to keep up with vaccination throughout your life can help prevent the spread of virus and bacteria such as Smallpox, Rubella, and even ininfluenzaenza during flu season.In order to master that infection does not make it to the individual to be able to infect their system, there are two ways to stop the germs in their track and that is by disinfecting and sterilizing. While the two both have the same Job and that is to decontaminate, they do two diverse things. For example disinfection is the action of eliminating and or reduce toxic germs that live on objects and surface. On the other hand sterilization is the process of actually killing the germs. Sterilizing even goes has far as to kill the spores of different types of germs that occupy in liquids, surfaces and surrounding areas.Some types of disinfectants are air disinfectants, alcohols, al ludes, oxidize agents and phenols. Some examples of sterilization are steam, heat, chemicals sterilization and sterile filtration. Disinfection is used more for air and surfaces, where as sterilization is used to kill germs on food, medicine and surgical instruments. (Ritual, Ph. D. , M. P. H. & Weber, Ph. D. , M. P. H. , 2008) It is quite easy to prevent the transmission of infection. The most important key to eliminating the spread of infection is using safety measures to ensure you do not become contaminated or how to avoid contamination all together.Like stated previously infection is spread a number of ways however person to person contact is the most relative because plurality are simply not washing their hands. conk washing can easily eliminate this problem , however there is more to it then simply Just running your hand through water. In order to ensure you are killing the germs you must apply soap and to rub your hands together for at to the lowest degree 15 seconds. Som e people like to sing the BBC song or even Happy Birthday song to ensure they are utilizing the 1 5 second rule. Be sure to wash all soap off and dry your hands .To secure the washing of your hands try to turn the faucet off and open the bathroom with your elbow. hotshot can also use hand sanitized or rubbing alcohol when washing of the hands is not an option. Infection is also spread through the body naturally mechanism of coughing and sneezing. A cough and or sneeze can go as far as three feet or more once it has been produced and performed. However by covering you mouth and nose when sneezing and or cough it eliminates the germs from traveling and spreading to the air. The use of tissues when coughing or sneezing will allow the germs to be confined o the tissue and a little on your hands.After you have disposed of the tissue make sure you wash your hands to protect the surfaces and others you may encounter. Also use common courtesy when you know you are sick. With that said try to remain at to the lowest degree three feet away from other people and use a mask if possible to avoid the spread when coughing or sneezing. Avoid shaking hands with other people and try to not touch others while you are sick. If these precautions are used on a daily basis it can ensure that germs are not spread saves you a trip to the doctor. (Preventing TheSpread Of Infection Standard Precautions, 2012) Infection control is important to utilize in todays world. There are a variety of germs that can make one sick and enough can cause death. If more people in the world practiced infection control there would be less bacteria and virus, it can be Just as simple as washing your hands. There are signs and advertisements everywhere concerning the lead for infection control. You walk into a public bathroom and it is telling you wash your hands. Some places have done away with manual towel dispenser and opt for drier for hands to avoid touching the dispenser.Infection ControlYou canno t seem to stop vomiting, your head should be permanently embedded in the toilet because you have not moved in ours. You know for sure something is not right at this point because you have never felt this way. You pick yourself off of the bathroom al-Qaeda and decide to head to the Emergency room. Upon your arrival you are escorted to the back to be seen because of the degree of your illness. The doctor comes in your room and asks you a variety of questions such as what you ate, when did the symptoms first begin.You inform your doctor nothing out of the ordinary and proceed to tell the doctor what you have consumed. You proceed to tell the doctor you made a chicken dish 2 nights before. The doctor stops you in your traps, he/she notices that it has been about a day and half since you ate and prepared the chicken and your symptoms that you are currently experiencing. The doctor takes a look at you and says you have food poisoning. The doctor has informed you by either not cooking the chicken properly or the handling of the chicken you have been infected with Salmonella.This situation could have been easily avoided simply by cooking the meat to temperature, handling the chicken with care such as washing your hands right after exposure to the chicken and or wiping down everything that came in contact with the chicken with a piece spray. Infection control is something that can be done and is quite simply at times, sometimes it is as easy as washing your hands. While many people do not practice infection control in their daily lives, using proper infection control can eliminate illness, ailment and even death. Food Poisoning, 2013) Once you have been exposed to an infection and you are experiencing the terrible side effects, you want to know how you could have been infected. First and foremost, infection is spread by tiny little microscopic organisms that we like to refer to as cetera and viruses. These little germs are found everywhere including our environment. Even us humanness have germs, they are in our body secretions that include our stool and in tiny little droplets that are produced by breathing, coughing and sneezing. Infections are spread through many different ways.The first way that was already stated was through stool. Stool contains germs that cause diarrhea and other infections that affect the intestinal tract that is found in feces. If for some reason a person doesnt properly demonstrate personal hygiene is can spread wrought contaminated hands, food, water and even other surfaces that the individual encounters. Most importantly these germs spread because they can survive long periods of time. The key to not spreading germs from stool is to properly washing your hands each and every time one uses the laboratory.Another way infection is spread is through droplets. The common cold, influenza, and strep throat to name a few are spread through germs that are found in ones saliva and secretions of the nose. Anytime someone snee zes, coughs or wipes that dreadful runny nose it is coming from the respiratory tract THAT contain germs. These little germs can easily be inhaled or accidental land in someone else nose, mouth or even eye and then they too have now been infected. Like stated before majority of germs can hang around because they can with stand our environment for a long period of time before dying off.Another way is contact with blood. There are numerous types of infection that can be spread by direct contact with blood. It Just takes a break in the skin or even contact with the mucous membranes for instance the nose and eye. Only takes a very trivial amount of blood to spread infection. Therefore anytime blood or body laid are seen handle with care, such as always use gloves when handling such items and properly dispose of it and be sure to properly disinfect when the blood has been cleared up. Direct physical contact is another way infection is spread.For example ringworm and impetigo is easily s pread by physical contact. Contaminated objects such as toys, bottles, and pacifiers are easy conductors for germs because the sick child plays or uses the item. and so the well child comes along and uses it and now they have been exposed. With that said it is imperative for an adult to constantly confecting and assonating toys and other items used by children. (How Infections Spread, 2011) There is variety of ways to help prevent the spread of infection, it is just a matter of practicing the strategies.The first and most important strategy to ensure that infection will not spread is to simply wash your hands. According to Elizabeth Gillespie (2009), It is now recognized that hand hygiene is the primarily measure for infection prevention. She continues to add, When performed well, it reduces transmission of microbial pathogens both in community and in healthcare setting. Basically in a nutshell wash your hands to prevent whatever you have touched or were exposed to.Another way to prevent infection is environmental hygiene, one of the key sources for infection to spread is through environmental surfaces. Some types of bacteria have been proven to survive for months on environmental surfaces. Therefore when a person touches these surfaces with their hands or even another type of skin contact the infection is then transmitted from the surface to the individual. With that said it is very important to keep surfaces clean and disinfected. The third way to prevent infection is to get vaccinated.Vida, 2013) According to The Free Dictionary, 2013 vaccination is defined as A preparation of a weakened or killed pathogen, such as a bacterium or virus, or of a portion of the pathogens structure that upon organization stimulates antibody production or cellular immunity against the pathogen but is incapable of causing severe infection. Getting vaccinated at a young age and keep to keep up with vaccination throughout your life can help prevent the spread of virus and ba cteria such as Smallpox, Rubella, and even influenza during flu season.In order to ensure that infection does not make it to the individual to be able to infect their system, there are two ways to stop the germs in their track and that is by disinfecting and sterilizing. While the two both have the same Job and that is to decontaminate, they do two different things. For example disinfection is the action of eliminating and or cut back toxic germs that live on objects and surface. On the other hand sterilization is the process of actually killing the germs. Sterilizing even goes has far as to kill the spores of different types of germs that occupy in liquids, surfaces and surrounding areas.Some types of disinfectants are air disinfectants, alcohols, alludes, oxidize agents and phenols. Some examples of sterilization are steam, heat, chemicals sterilization and sterile filtration. Disinfection is used more for air and surfaces, where as sterilization is used to kill germs on food, me dicine and surgical instruments. (Ritual, Ph. D. , M. P. H. & Weber, Ph. D. , M. P. H. , 2008) It is quite easy to prevent the transmission of infection. The most important key to eliminating the spread of infection is using safety measures to ensure you do not become contaminated or how to avoid contamination all together.Like stated previously infection is spread a number of ways however person to person contact is the most relative because people are simply not washing their hands. extend to washing can easily eliminate this problem , however there is more to it then simply Just running your hand through water. In order to ensure you are killing the germs you must apply soap and to rub your hands together for at least 15 seconds. Some people like to sing the BBC song or even Happy Birthday song to ensure they are utilizing the 1 5 second rule. Be sure to wash all soap off and dry your hands .To secure the washing of your hands try to turn the faucet off and open the bathroom wit h your elbow. unmatchable can also use hand sanitized or rubbing alcohol when washing of the hands is not an option. Infection is also spread through the body naturally mechanism of coughing and sneezing. A cough and or sneeze can go as far as three feet or more once it has been produced and performed. However by covering you mouth and nose when sneezing and or cough it eliminates the germs from traveling and spreading to the air. The use of tissues when coughing or sneezing will allow the germs to be confined o the tissue and a little on your hands.After you have disposed of the tissue make sure you wash your hands to protect the surfaces and others you may encounter. Also use common courtesy when you know you are sick. With that said try to remain at least three feet away from other people and use a mask if possible to avoid the spread when coughing or sneezing. Avoid shaking hands with other people and try to not touch others while you are sick. If these precautions are used on a daily basis it can ensure that germs are not spread saves you a trip to the doctor. (Preventing TheSpread Of Infection Standard Precautions, 2012) Infection control is important to utilize in todays world. There are a variety of germs that can make one sick and enough can cause death. If more people in the world practiced infection control there would be less bacteria and virus, it can be Just as simple as washing your hands. There are signs and advertisements everywhere concerning the bespeak for infection control. You walk into a public bathroom and it is telling you wash your hands. Some places have done away with manual towel dispenser and opt for dry for hands to avoid touching the dispenser.

Ebenezer Howard

It is said that there were two major institutions in the beginning of the twentieth century the invention of the airplane, and Ebenezer Howards creation of the Garden City. In the 19th century, as a response to extremes of the capitalist order and an alternative to the industrial city, communitarian activity started to search new forms of community. Ebenezer Howard cropped up a new type of human solution which is more rational for an industrial age, The Garden City. It was a new form of social and economic coaction with a control and order.Howard aimed to reverse the congestion and spread of the large city through new form of planned community. To build a garden city, Howard take money to procure land. He decided to get funding from gentlemen of responsible position and undoubted probity and honor. He giveed the Garden City Association in 1899, although it took forty years to win a serious consideration from the g everywherenment. By 1945, government noticed the problems of so me form of planning and it was the Howards contribution to convert a nonconformist muckle of community developed in nineteenth century reform circles.The most significant thing is that Howards utopian spirit was the transitional figure which connected 19th century reformers to 20th century professional planners. Ebenezer Howard had a better vision for town community life to extirpate the congestion in English cities to build self sufficient colonies in agricultural land. He knew that larger cities didnt create large communities but created alienated alone(p) separate people whom lacked the sense of a community. According to Howards aspect Garden City was the key to bring man to a natural order that would further the social associations necessary for individual fulfillment.In the late 1880s it all started with the Howards alluring dream of co-operative commonwealth that would end social discord. With the vehemence he gained from the Edward Bellamys Looking Backward, he started working on technocratic-socialist utopia. By the early 1890s Howard started to contact with two groups who were interested in starting colonies. This base of colonies was first mentioned in Alfred Marshalls article. He urged that in order to relieve the unemployment and congestion of Londons slums, colonies of factory workers should be placed on agricultural land out of the core.For Howard, the crowded city was the reason that communities cant survive and the reason for that is the size. So he proposed a communal settlement with a population 32. 000 of to maintain the idea of a community. In his bookss first chapter he formuliazed the ideal city. 6000 acres of cheap rural land be to be purchased, 1000 of which are reserved for the city. A 32,000 person population cap is set, after which a new city will have to be colonized. As far as the design goes, Howard wants to make it as little like the overcrowded London of his day as possible, so public parks and secluded lawns are every where.The roads are incredibly wide, ranging from 120 to 420 feet for the Grand Avenue, and they are radial rather than linear. Commercial, industrial, residential, and public uses are clearly differentiated from individually other spatially. With the foundation of The Land Nationalization Society, by Alfred Wallace, the idea of creating labor colonies outside cities to reduce redundancy of joblessness in the urban centers occurred. At one of the meetings of this Society, Howard proposed the formation of a Co-operative Commonwealth, which was described as the subject of a good deal of discussion in recent months in advance circles.This scheme was supposed to remove the landlord and there would be experiments of capitalism. According to Howards beliefs Garden City, including the colony systems, was the practical answers to planning problems and should have attracted the majority of the public to start the community. Despite his thoughts, many writers found his ideas ridiculous wi th the belief of towns are not created they grow In spite of all the negative feedbacks, The Land Nationalization Society remained important in Howards efforts to create a Garden City Association in 1899.For the first years of Associations, it was all about propaganda rather than action. With the lectures, interviews, and tracts Howards ideology became widespread and started to be considered as practical and successful. Within few months many council members, engineers, businessmen, architects had joined the Association. Between 1900 and 1901, membership number rose to 500. However, there was no donation enough to buy an estate and place factories. By the end of the 1901, Ralph Neville, Liberal politician and Kings Counsel attended the Association.With his support, events speeded up, in the mean time Howard slipped into a lower-ranking position in the Association. With this changes, also the original scheme changed significantly into a more controlled company. The real idea of the association became a chance and chaos in urban growth. Howards garden city became confused in the public minds with a type of low-density suburban development. After Thomas Adam and Ewart Culpin took over the control of the Association, they started the umbrella organization for all housing and planning activity. The whole idea of Howards got lost.After eight years of Howards death Osborn became active in the Association and tried to resume Howards ideology. After World War I, Association played an important role in British town planning. We sure as shooting believe the fact with the concept that Ebenezer Howards concept was an make an effort to remove capitalists so as it was accomplished despite its some time to what could be done. It was very obvious that his concepts opended up many individuals horizans according to providing a new concept of resident Ebenezer Howard was a great men for urban planning who provided the vision and details of a community for both town and country life.He believed that these two life should be married together in small Garden Cities, each with its own greenbelt. He promoted well-planned towns with careful land zoning and a quality of life. A Garden City would have well designed houses with gardens set in tree lined avenues, clean and healthy work places and a pleasant and healthy environment in which to live, work and follow leisure pursuits. His purpose is to find a healthy, natural, and economic combination of town and country life through a balance of work and leisure.In this goal, Howard reflects the ideal and harmonious relationship between the labor and garden. Industry and agriculture coexist in his ideal community, as do city and countryside, utopia and arcadia. Howards sense of balance, in this case, the concentric circles of the Garden City intersected by unsubtle boulevards, assumes that ideal forms will shape and perfect human functions. The overall goal for Howard is to combine the traditional countryside with t he traditional town.For too long residents have had to make the unfulfilling weft between living in a culturally isolated rural area or giving up nature to live in a city, but human society and the beauty of nature are meant to be enjoyed together. As he sees it, in a rather Hegelian fashion, in our opinion the two magnets of Town and Country that have in the past pulled people in either direction will, in the future, be synthesized into one Town-Country magnet. Green belt out hich was a part of Howards aim was developed for places which did not develop more, it was more like a limitation for cities . However, although that was not a certain remedy, places march on growing. As far as we learn in city planning, cities are living formations which reshape in years over and over again. At the selfsame(prenominal) time, even though this idea was developed as a feature of non-urban and town which keep growing and its inhabitants increase, this suggestions stayed poor.In conclusion, in spite of this information , the solution for a citites future life depent on the decision of the right problem. Maybe the restriction of population and ground may not be work in right aways societies, but Howards proposal could be modified and then, be used. We could modernize it easily in more ecological manner. We could locate it on a brownfield, for example, and follow a more urban, transect based planning scheme. In doing so, according to us, we can keep the heart of Howards vision while reforming the logistics per our more advanced knowledge.

Modern Drama Essay

Eddie tells Beatrice (his wife) that her cousins have arrived. This pleases Catherine and Beatrice. Beatrice is worried about the arrangements and this is because of Eddie. She says I am just afraid if it dont trance out good youll be mad at me. This shows that Eddie must have shouted at Beatrice before. This also shows that Eddie takes charge around the house with everything. Eddie has power all over everyone in the house. Catherine interrupts and says Well didnt tell him about me yet. Beatrice tries to distract Eddie from what she says.But Eddie becomes interested and origins asking questions straight away when he hears Catherine mention herself. Catherine says that she will buy the farm school for a job. Eddie is angry but gets interrupted by Beatrice, Beatrice sticks up for Catherine, and Eddie doesnt like this. Catherine explains the detail and yet Eddie finds another excuse. He dont like that neighbourhood over there. He explains how he wants the best for her and how the m en are with young women. The problem is that Eddie thinks that the best thing that Catherine could do is to gentle at home with him at home and see or speak with no other men.Beatrice tries to reason with him over the job but Eddie refuses to give in until she confronts him with his desire. She says you gonna keep her in the house all her life? Eddie is insulted and disgusted. He becomes angry but when Catherine enters he changes his mood. He doesnt want to let Catherine see that he does not get along with Beatrice. He gives her what she wants. He agrees with her going to work. This soon gets out of hand and Eddie becomes upset. He uses reverse psychology on Catherine. He tells speaks the icy of what he wants. He says to Catherine, And then you will move away. Thats life.And youll come visit on Sundays, then once a month, then Christmas and New age finally. This upsets Catherine and without knowing she tells him what he wants to hear. This automatically changes the mood of Edd ie. Eddie knows in a way that he has got what he wanted. He changes conversation straight after as before. They start to talk about the day gone by whilst eating their meal. After the meal Eddie asks Catherine when she starts her new job. Catherine knows Eddie is uncomfortable with talking about this. Eddie shows a tear in his eye. Catherine tries to make Eddie feel better by saying that she is not going far.Catherine tries to comfort him. Eddie enjoys this and tries to gain sympathy from her a lot of the time. To settle himself he looks for a cigar. Catherine goes to get one for him and then offers to light it. Eddie feels close with her while she is doing this he enjoys it while she lights the cigar. Their faces are close and they gaze into each others eyes. This shows Eddies uncoiled feelings this is the point where his deep love for her is shown. He looks at her no longer as a relative does but as a lover does. Eddie takes rough time to think while Catherine and Beatrice are i n the kitchen.

Macbeth: A King in Name Only Essay

I am, indeed, a world-beater, because I know how to rule myself (Pietro Aretino). impressive kings know how to rule themselves and their people. Throughout William Shakespeares Macbeth, the protagonist shows that he drops verity, or the ability to be truthful. Similarly, Macbeth is in need of stability. Fin eachy, Macbeth shows that he lacks patience. The attrisolelyes that Macbeth demonstrates in the play kindle that he is an ineffective pattern due to his lack of verity, stability, and patience, several qualities which Malcolm describes as needed of an effective ruler.Being truthful is a necessary and important characteristic for a ruler to be effective. A ruler who lacks verity result be challenged and others will not trust him. A ruler needs the actualize of his people and can gain their respect by being truthful. Throughout the play, Macbeth shows a lack of truthfulness to many people, including himself. When Macbeth finishes discussing the details of how he and Lady M acbeth will murder King Duncan, he leaves her by saying, Go, and mock the time with the fairest show / False face must hide what the false heart doth know (Mac. 1.7.82-83). Macbeth is apprisal Lady Macbeth to act exchange competent a welcoming and friendly hostess for their special guest, Duncan, while hiding her dark desires to kill him and take his rule everywhere Scotland.Early in the play, this shows that Macbeth is very untruthful and wants other people to think the opposite of what he is thinking. This parallels the theme of appearance versus reality because Macbeth wants his wife to look like she is friendly and warm, but in her heart know her intentions of killing the king. After killing Duncan, Macbeth regrets his bad choice, but then lies when he is talking to Banquo approximately the witches prophecies by saying, I think not of them (2.1.22). This demonstrates Macbeths lack of verity because he tells Banquo that he is not thinking about the witches prophecies, but he sure enough is. Macbeths over-ambitious nature causes him to be untruthful in his thoughts and his actions.His thoughts are now starting to take control of his actions. Not only does Macbeth lack the truthfulness required of an effective ruler, but his stability is also questionable. To be effective, a ruler must exhibit stability. He must be calm and be able to control his emotions. He cannotmake careless or irrational decisions and must act in the best interest of others, rather than focusing on himself. deduction of this quality through these actions is important in winning trust and respect from those under his rule. Macbeths intellectual stability starts to deteriorate and this leads to impure and insane behaviour. Macbeth is pacify contemplating killing Duncan, when he has a hallucination and says Is this a poser which I see before me,The handle toward my hand? Come, let me clutch thee.I micturate thee not, and yet I see thee still.Art thou not, fatal vision, sensibleTo feeling, as to sight? or art thou butA dagger of the mind, a false creation,Proceeding from the heat-oppressed brain? (2.1.33-39)Macbeth sees a dagger with drops of blood all over it, the blade pointing to Duncan and the handle to him. This suggests that stack is telling Macbeth to kill Duncan. This shows Macbeths mental instability because he is imagining the image of a bloody dagger, which indeed suggests that he is unstable and not fit to be an effective king. Macbeths mental deterioration starts to show even more when he sees Banquos touching at a banquet he holds for his lords. Macbeth appears to get angry at the ghost of Banquo when he slams his cup down saying, Avaunt and quit my sight let the earth hide thee / Thy bones are marrowless, thy blood is cold / Thou hast no hypothesis in those eyes / Which thou dost glare with (3.4.93-96). At this point, even Macbeths guests start to question him and Lady Macbeth tries to calm him down. This suggests he is feeling guilty from a ll of the evil deeds he has committed, especially the murder of his dear friend, Banquo. Throughout the play, Macbeths instability causes him to commit selfish and illogical deeds, which leads to great chaos in Scotland.An unstable ruler will cause chaos in his land and will therefore be an ineffective ruler. Since Macbeths mental state is quickly deteriorating, he is being forced to make quick decisions which he does not think through. Finally, in rank to deal with people effectively, a strong ruler needs patience. People take a leak different opinions and needs and a ruler must react to challenges calmly,taking time to consider all facts to make decisions in the best interest of the country. A ruler who shows patience becomes more approachable to his subjects who trust the ruler to make good decisions. Macbeth does not demonstrate this quality and his lack of patience leads him to make irrational decisions and to overthink things, thus contributing to his downfall. Macbeths gre at ambition controls his actions and makes him more impatient.Macbeth shows his ambition early in the play, after he and Banquo take in their prophecies from the weird sisters. At first, they question the prophecies they receive, but then Macbeth becomes impatient and wants to be king as quickly as possible and against all odds. At the kings palace, he proves his impatience by saying, The Prince of Cumberland That is a step,/ On which I must fall down, or else oerleap (1.4.48-49). Macbeth means that he must each stay where he is right now, or he must commit evil deeds to get what he wants, which is to become king. This shows he is impatient because the prophecies could have meant that Macbeth was going to become king by fate, but instead he took it into his own hands to become king. He did not want to wait for fate to take its course. It is Lady Macbeth who persuades Macbeth to kill the king and she fuels Macbeths ambition by calling him a coward and unmanly.He feels that he has t o prove himself to Lady Macbeth, so he follows through and kills the king rather than taking time to think through the consequences. Macbeth again proves his artifice ambition and shows his impatient nature when he prepares to kill the king. Macbeth recognizes his blind ambition because he has no spur/ To prick the sides of his intent, but only/ Vaulting ambition, which oerleaps itself,/ And falls on the other (1.7.25-28). Macbeth admits his ambition and says that this is the only reason he can give for wanting to kill the king so quickly. Macbeths impatience and ambition later lead him to kill Banquo and Macduffs family in order to quickly remove obstacles he perceives are in the way of him becoming king.Macbeths impatience to become king continues as he becomes an ineffective ruler and disrupts the order of the once happy Scotland. The protagonist, Macbeth, brings chaos to Scotland because of his lack of verity, stability, and patience, all qualities which Malcolm states are nece ssary for a good king. Macbeth shows he lacks truth through his many lies. That he also lacks stability is proven in his many hallucinations. Finally, Macbeths impatience is proven throughhis blindly ambitious murders. Macbeth is clearly an in effective ruler, but if you were king, would you know how to rule yourself?Works CitedShakespeare, W. Macbeth. Toronto Canadian School Book Exchange, 1996. Print.

Death’s Marathon Shot0By-Shot Analysis

tantrum-by- putz Analysis of Deaths Marathon dir. D. W. Griffith. (1913) ginger snap 1( unbent-on angle) White text on glowering primer coat written, To find his maven before he losses all (2 seconds). debase to Shot 2 (medium immense peter, around low angle) Front of mob, with steps slightly to the in force(p) of separatrix and potted plant on all side of stairs. help (man) enters from remunerate and walks up stairs (2 seconds). p be to Shot 3 (medium lance, straight-on angle) inside of living direction where shine up is pretty vacant but background has a study and a desk with a vase with flowers in it.There are ternary ladies nominate(a) Two nurses on either side of the married woman. wife asks maid on left something (1 second) accordingly(prenominal) turns back towards tv camera (1 second) to ask maid on right also (2 second). Turns back to face camera (2 seconds). Then knock on door (presumably by friend) startles maids and wife and the maid on the left exits tool (3 seconds). Re-enter maid and friend from the left. Friend asks about economize with sharp hand fecal matters (2 seconds). rails to. Shot 4 (medium long beam of light, slightly high angle) indoor of elbow inhabit with gaming table 3/4 shown on the bottom left corner of ginger nut (foreground) and five men academic session around it gambling and doorman standing in background (2 seconds). Doorman turns to open door (1 second). Cut to Shot 5 (medium close-up, high angle) Gambling table with chips and separate on table, and one players hands (player to the left of husband) holding cards, places them down and takes all the chips in the sum of money of table(3 seconds). Cut to Shot 6 (same(p) as shot 4) ( prospect same as shot 4) and the man to the left of the husband swipes able and brings all his winnings to him and begin to stack up chips (2 seconds) then husband harshly throws two cards on the table, one at a time (2 seconds). Cut to. Shot 7 (medium lo ng shot, straight-on angle) friend on the left of shot, speaking with wife, on the right of shot turned towards each other with their forearms elevated in foreground of shot. Two maids standing in the background (2 seconds). Then friend and maid standing on left exit shot to the left (1 second) and maid on the right exits to the right of shot, leaving wife to stand alone in the centre of shot (2 seconds).Cut to. Shot 8 (long shot, slightly low angle) (setting like shot 2) friend walks down stair and out of house (2 seconds) Shot 9 (same as shot 4) (setting same as shot but without doorman) Player to the right of husband and husband place chips into the centre of table respectively (3 seconds). They both dig up cards and player to the right of husband swipes all the chips in the centre of table towards him and laughs (5 seconds). conserve bangs fists on table and gets up and exits door in background while man sitting on the right of shot gets up to congratulate man on who won (5 seconds).Cut to. Shot 10 (long shot, straight-on angle) shot of outdoor of house with big pillars and stairs on left of screen. preserve walks down two steps, pauses, then continues walking and exits out from the right (5 seconds) Shot 11 (medium long shot, straight-on angle) interior of room (like shot 3). married woman has back to camera and walks towards the background with worried expression (right hand clasped on face) and then turns to the left of shot (8 seconds). Cut to. Shot 12 (long shot, straight-on angle) exterior of house (like shot 10) car drives by and parks in preceding of stairs on the right of shot with friend in the car. Friend gets off, converses with driver then walks into the house (4 seconds). Cut to. Shot 13 (medium long shot, slightly high angle) interior of house (like shot 9). Friend barges into room, and walks over to gambling table where game is going on. Presumably asks players and spectators where husband is, they reply and friends leaves the room (7 seconds). Cut to. Shot 14 (long shot, straight-on angle) Friend runs out of house (same setting as shot 10) from left of shot, down stairs and into his car. His drivers drives him away, exit right of shot (4 seconds). Cut to. Shot 15 (medium long shot, straighten angle) shot of husband walking on the street along shops, one which has rokers written on window on the left of screen. He walks towards the shop, pauses to stare at it and then walks in (4 seconds). Cut to. Shot 16 (medium shot, straight on) interior of Rokers shop. There is a desk with a telephone on it, and chair in the foreground.The background though is more cluttered with a study, stacks of books, a rocking chair and cabinets . Husband enters through door on the right of shot. inspects the space, takes his hat off then unbuttons his jacket, pulls a gaseous state that hes been keeping in his pocket out and sits down on chair and is inspecting the gun (21 seconds). Cut to. Shot 17 (long shot, slightly high angle) shot of exterior of house (like shot 2). Friends car drives in from right of screen and parks in reckon of steps leading up to house front door. Friend gets off car and walks briskly into the house (5 seconds). Cut to.Shot 18 (medium long shot, slightly high angle) interior of room (like shot 3), wife sitting on chair on the right side of the foreground. Then enters maid with friend. Cut to. Shot 19 (medium shot, straight on) interior of room (like shot 16). Husband sitting on chair, leaning against table with telephone near his elbow. Husband looks at gun, chuckles then looks at telephone and picks it up (8 seconds). cut to. Shot 20 (medium shot, straight-on) interior of room (like shot 3), friend and wife talking then phone rings and friend picks it up (5 seconds). cut to. Shot 21 (medium shot, straight-on) Interior of room (like shot 16), husband sitting on seat leaned against table speaking on telephone (4 seconds). Cut to. Shot 22 (medium shot, straight-on) interior of room (l ike shot 3) friend laughs on phone then wife gets up feeling relieved and happy (2 seconds). Cut to. Shot 23 (medium shot, straight on) husband in same pose as in shot 21 continues to speak on the phone looking at his gun which is now pointed towards the capital (5 seconds). Cut to Shot 24 (title) White text on black background that reads, Determined upon suicide (3 seconds) Shot 25 (medium shot, straight-on) friend and wife standing in the middle of interior of room (like shot 3), friend speaking on the phone and wife standing looking over shoulder (2 seconds). Cut to. Shot 26 (medium shot, straight-on) interior of room (like shot 16) with husband in same position as shot 21, continues to laugh and talk still pointing gun to ceiling (2 seconds). Cut to. Shot 27 (medium shot, straight-on) friend and wife in same position as shot 25, friend getting angry, hands wife the telephone then exits to the left of shot. married woman speak on the phone with softer, happier expression (11 se conds).Cut to Shot 28 (Long shot, straight-on) friend exits house, gets into car, then is briskly giving operating instructions to his driver pointing forward. The car drives off and exits to the right of the shot leaving a dust trail behind (3 seconds). Cut to. Shot 29 (Medium shot, straight on) Husband sitting in same position as shot 21 and continues to speak on the phone and absentmindedly play with his gun (5 seconds). Cut to. Shot 30 (medium shot, straight-on) interior of room (like shot 3), wife standing in the centre and continues to speak on the phone and occasionally smiling (5 seconds).Cut to. Shot 31 (long shot, straight on) shows friends car turning onto main road from left of shot and driving towards audience (3 seconds). Cut to. Shot 32 (medium shot, straight-on) interior of house (like shot 3) with wife in same position as shot 30. Wife now looks worried and is accentuating the things she is saying over the phone (6 seconds). Cut to Shot 33 (medium shot, straight-on) setting and husband in same position as shot 21. Husband laughs once and looks at his gun (4 seconds). Cut to Shot 34 (medium shot, straight-on) wife in interior of room (like shot 30) and continues to look worried in and disagree into the phone, but after starts smiling and calming down slightly (13 seconds). Cut to. Shot 35 (medium shot, straight on) same as shot 29 (2 seconds). Cut to Shot 36 (medium shot, straight-on) wife in interior of room (like shot 3) and continues to speak on the phone worriedly. She then puts the phone down and moves off screen from the right (5 seconds). Cut to. Shot 37 (medium shot, straight on) interior of room like shot 21, but the man stops speaking and puts the phone down (2 seconds). Cut to.Shot 38 (medium long shot, straight on) interior like shot 3, wife frantically walking around room then moves off screen from the right (4 seconds). Cut to Shot 39 (medium long shot, straight-on) interior of room which as a curtain on the right, a lot of empty space in the centre, a chair and a cabinet on the foreground to the right and a cabinet in the background on the left. The wife enters through the curtains on the left puts hand up and looks exhausted (3 seconds). Cut to. Shot 40 (medium shot, straight-on) husband sitting on a chair in the same interior of room as shot 16.He looks straight at the camera and thinks then proceeds to write something down on (8 seconds). Cut to. Shot 41 (long shot, straight on) car driving on windy road at fast speed (3 seconds). Cut to Shot 42 (medium shot, straight on) husband sitting in same interior of room as shot 16 holding telephone in one hand and the gun in the other (gun pointing towards viewer). His eyes get droopy and he looks from the gun straight to the camera then smiles slightly (10 seconds). Cut to. Shot 43 (medium shot, straight-on) same interior of room as shot 39, wife looks panicked, maid enters frame rom right side carrying baby and they all exit through the curtain on the left of the frame (3 seconds). Cut to Shot 44 (medium shot, straight-on) wife and maid holding baby enters interior of room (like shot 3) from right. Wife picks up phone looking worried still and maid and baby stand to her left looking concerned (3 seconds). Cut to Shot 45 (medium shot, slightly high angle) interior of room (like shot 16) husband is still sitting looking at his gun, then something on the telephone catches his attention and he puts it to his ear (3 seconds). ut to. Shot 50 (medium shot, straight on) same setting and positioning as shot 44. Wife puts phone to babys ear and tries to get him/her to speak (5 seconds). Cut to. Shot 51(medium shot, straight on) same setting and positioning as shot 45, husbands looks more happy to cop the voice on the phone (3 seconds). Cut to Shot 52 (medium shot, straight-on) same as shot 50 (2 seconds). Cut to. Shot 53 (medium shot, straight on) same setting and position as shot 51, husband looks relieved but sad. (3 seconds). Cut to. Shot 54 ( medium shot, straight on) same setting and shot as 44 wife tells maid and baby to leave, they exit to the left of the shot then wife continues to speak on the phone (3 seconds). Cut to Shot 56 (long shot, straight on) shot of streets and car driving fast down in (2 seconds). Cut to. Shot 57 (medium shot, straight-on) same setting as shot 44. Wife standing in the centre of shot continues to speak on the phone (2 seconds). Cut to. Shot 60 (medium shot, straight on) same setting as shot 45, husband puts phone down and slowly brings gun up to temple (6 seconds). Cut to. Shot 61 (medium shot, straight on) Wife in same setting and position as shot 57. She continues to listen attentively to the phone, then has two shocks when she hears something on the phone. (12 seconds). Cut to. Shot 62 (medium shot, straight-on) same setting and position as shot 60, husband takes fuming gun out of mouth slowly (2 seconds). Cut to . Shot 63 (medium shot, straight on) same setting and positioning as shot 52. Wife now frantically speaking into phone (9 seconds). Cut to. Shot 64 (long shot, straight on) Friends car drives around the corner and parks in front of shop. He gets off quickly (3 seconds).Cut to. Shot 65 (medium long shot, straight on) friend runs quickly through door at the background then exits through door on the left of screen (5 seconds). Cut to. Shot 66 (medium long shot) friend walks into interior of room (like shot 16) then slowly picks up friend by the head and then places him back down (15 seconds). Cut to. Shot 67 (medium shot, straight-on) wife standing in the same interior as shot 63 speechless (4 seconds). Cut to. Shot 68 (medium shot, straight on) same interior of room as shot 66 friend stares at dead husband and then picks up telephone. Cut to.Shot 69 (medium shot, straight on) Wife still speaking on the phone in interior of room like shot 63 (4 seconds). Cut to. Shot 70 (medium shot, straight on) friend in same position as shot 68 speaking on the telephone (2 seconds). Cut to. Shot 71 (medium shot, straight on) same as shot 69 (2 seconds). Cut to. Shot 72 (medium shot straight on) same as shot 70 (2 seconds). Cut to. Shot 73 (medium Shot, Straight on) same setting and position as shot 69, then wife puts telephone down and looks shocked and sad and exits to the right of the shot (13 seconds). Cut to. Shot 74 (long shot, straight on) same interior as shot 39, wife enters from right of shot, can see her profile, then she drops to the floor and her head is partially hidden between the cabinets in the background and foreground (12 seconds). Cut to. Shot 75 (title) white writing on black background written, The wife set free from her unfortunate alliance (6 seconds). Cut to. Shot 76 (medium long shot, slightly high angle) interior of room, with lots of furniture, wife sitting on chair looking sad, friend enters from left of shot and give a huge bouquet of flower to wife, wife looks slightly happy and hopefully (32 seconds) Written Account of Deaths Marathon dir. D. W. Griffith. (1913) D. W. Griffiths Deaths Marathon contain certain prominent stylist cinematic features which are evident through the repetitive use of mise-en-scene, specifically the setting and staging of each shot, editing, framing and the level and angle of each shot. Firstly, the mise-en-scene used in this kindle of Deaths Marathon are specific to the setting, props and movement of characters. In this clip, the settings evident mainly include the interior of rooms in houses or the landscape of the geographical location as evident with the long shots of the roads and town.These settings are used primarily to show that the story is focused around family and relationship issues as the problems that summon in the story include conflict between marital and business relations. Also, the each setting of the interior of rooms where shot with a short central length (wide angle) which exaggerated the depth making the distance between the background and for eground seem greater. Apart from the setting, the props used help the viewers mark between each interior of the rooms. Also, in each setting there is a different alignment of chairs, desks etc. hich makes certain different props stand out this allows for objects such as the telephone to become a motif prop. In regards to mise-en-scene, the movement of the character, or lack thereof, is another(prenominal) formal property which is largely evident in this extract because most of the movement is restricted to the small, central area of each shot creating an emphasis on the characters actions. Apart from being restrictive, the characters movement is also The angle and distance of framing of the shot in this extract are all very imilar in the sense that most of the shots are either a straight on angle or has a slight hight angle. And the Apart from the miss-en-scene aspect of the extract, the specific editing used, combined with the shot length was another stylistic pattern that was ev ident. The extract did not have any use of transitions. It only cut from one shot to the next throughout. However, Griffith did use shot-reverse-shot technique when the characters were having a discussion over the telephone specifically when the wife was speaking with her husband leading up to his death.The build up to the climax (death of husband) used the shot-reverse-shot technique which includes utilise shots with shorter lengths (2 seconds each) to create a rhythmic beat, much like that of a heart beat. This slow shot length however is also balanced with longer shots (which lasted up to 12 seconds), more specifically evident after the death of the husband which mimicked the speechlessness of the wife. angle straight on angle, medium + long shot (quite simple)

A Strategic Analysis of Qantas and the Australian Airline Industry Essay

The following paper provides an analysis and evaluation of the current securities industryplace fructify of Qantas and the Australian Airline Industry. By assessing the confederation both internally and externally, this report will assess Qantas strengths and weaknesses. In addition to this, the report will focus on the specific elements that enable Qantas to obtain a hawkish advantage oer its competitors.Our team has established that Qantas is facing direct competition from new market entrants as well as threats from its own development Jetstar. As a result, Qantas has lost some of the market sh atomic number 18 over recent years. However, while the incubate of new entrants has affected Qantas, new opportunities have become available and have encouraged the skyway to think outside the square.The Global Financial Crisis presented many industries with a challenge and Qantas was not excluded from this. In addition to this, the September 11 attacks in 2001 largely affected the assiduity as customers became reluctant to set off.Consequently, it is clear that Qantas has been faced with a variety of challenges that have resultantly prompted them to think of alternative ways to obtain a sustainable competitive advantage. Partnering with Tourism Australia, evolution Qantas as a brand, and painting the boeings to proclaim an Australian lifestyle have all been successful at achieving a competitive advantage. It is recommended that Qantas continues to compete with new market entrants by focusing on developing the brand further and generating greater loyalty.Qantas & the Airline industriousnessQantas Airways Limited is an Australian public company that obtains its revenue predominately from the operation of airlines. The company operates mainly in Australia, bare-ass Zealand and Asia and is in any case established in the UK and the USA. Globally, Qantas employs over 35,700 individuals. At June 30, 2010, worldwide airlines in Australia were reported to be wor th $14, 924, 000, 000, with Qantas estimated to hold 25.60% of the market share. From the same study, the domestic airline fabrication in Australia was reported to be worth $12,801,000,000 with Qantas accounting for 73.50% of the market share. (IbisWorld, 2010)Over recent years, the drastic increase in fuel prices coupled with the world(a) economic crisis has resulted in the increased cost of air remotees. Low income, naughty unemployment levels and unavoidable disasters like the recent ash cloud have seen the demand for air actuate in Australia reduce significantly. Specifically, the Qantas Groups industry revenue declined an estimated 1.8% per annum over the five years through 2009-10. (IbisWorld, 2011). However, it has been forcasted that the industry with grow by 9% over 2011-2012, reaching a revenue of $13,400,000,000. The potential growth has been attributed to several reckons, for workout, increases in affair related travel and the growing popularity of cheaper airlin es. (IbisWorld, 2011) See Fig. 1Qantas flying affair operates under both main brands, Qantas and Jetstar. Jetstar was first launched in 2004 and is Qantas cheaper airline.(IbisWorld, 2010)Qantas revenue from international flying is reported to be far weaker than its domestic melody. While international flying accounted for 22.5% of revenue over 2009-2010 for Qantas, this figure was considerably heightser 2004-2005. unsanded market entrants and strong competitors were said to be responsible for this decline. In particular, the development of Jetstar and the cogency to fly internationally at low-cost saw Qantas international flight business drop from 46.3% of industry total in 2004-2005 to 23.0% in 2010-2011. (IbisWorld, 2010)Conversly, Qantas domestic flights fix approximately 70.4% of total sales and are increasing slowly. However, while the domestic flight popularity is increasing, the growth rate is slow in comparison to the industry. This is due to the fact that Qantas has lost some of the market share over recent years with the entrance of new competitors, for example, Virgin Airlines and Tiger Airways. In addition to this, the entrance of Jetstar into the market and the recent financial crisis saw more passengers targeting the low-cost airline over Qantas.The following investigation will include an analysis of Qantas external environment by utilizing a usher analysis of the industrys competitive forces. In addition to this, the report will include an analysis of the internal environment at Qantas by conducting a value chain analysis and identifying the resources and capabilities that provide Qantas with a competitive advantage over its rivals. * Please note All dollar value listed throughout the report are in Australian dollars.External AnalysisWhen determining the external forces that affect the domestic airline industry there are four areas that need to be discussed political, environmental, social and technological. In discussing these areas we will be able to determine what strengths and weaknesses arise for Qantas as a result. During 1990 the Australian government indomitable to deregulate the domestic airline industry (Bureau of Transport and communication theory Economics, 1995). This has opened up the opportunities for new airlines to do business in Australia. For Qantas this could be seen as a threat as there are going to be new players in the market as it has opened doors for low-cost carriers to enter. However, it may also be an opportunity for Qantas to differentiate themselves from the rest of the domestic airlines and be the only one offering a amplitude service. The most recent and economically crippling factor that has influenced the airline industry is the Global Financial Crisis (GFC)(Nuguid, 2011). According to the House standing(a) Committee on Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Local Government (2009)the tourism industry in Australia was hit the hardest which declined at a worse rate than the rest of the economy.As a direct result of this the airline industry specifically has also seen a significant downturn. This presents a potential weakness or threat for Qantas who may come to feel that their premium price for feel service is not enough to get the customers to fly with them. Probably the most recent and most prominent social change that has affected the airline industry was the September 11 terrorist attacks in America(Ito & Lee, 2005). Although this was not in Australia it still had a large impact on peoples preferences when it came to domestic and international travel. This along with an aging creation is slowing down the airline industry as the concern for safety of passengers has risen. This could be a potential opportunity for Qantas to offer, in addition to great quality, a higher safety rating for their flights and help them achieve an advantage against the opposition. There are always new technologies available to improve service and quality an exam ple of such is the introduction of the regional jet(Brueckner & Pai, 2007).This new technology provided better service quality and higher flight frequency to the airline industry. All new technologies trifle an opportunity for Qantas to increase the quality of their services. This particular technology also provides Qantas with the opportunity to increase their flight frequency. The government regulations of the airline industry in Australia are rattling lax in comparison to opposite countries leading to fewer barriers to entry, particularly at the low-cost end of the market. This makes it far easier for potential entrants to enter into the market. So far since the deregulation in 1990 two new major domestic airlines have entered and done so successfully Virgin Blue and Tiger Airways (Bureau of Transport and Communications Economics, 1995 and Bureau of Intrastructure, Transport and Regional Economics, 2010). Although there have also been a number of entrants that have failed to s ustain their place in the airline industry this is not considered as Porter looks only at the threat of new entrants, not whether entry actually occurs (Porter, 2008).Pilots have a huge influence over what goes on in the industry as evidenced by the 1989 pilot strike(Schulte & Zhu, 2005). Even though the pilots were unsuccessful in this instance this shows that pilots are much more possible to be able to achieve change in the industry if they choose. Currently there are only twomajor suppliers of airplanes, Boeing and Airbus. Being the only two major suppliers in the industry gives them a lot of power to determine prices and quality. Passengers have a lot less power in the airline industry as they generally dont get a whole lot of choice or say in what happens. Firstly, there are high switching costs associated with changing to another airline. Secondly, there is not much difference from one airline to another especially if the airline is competing on quality or service(Investopedi a News and Articles, 2010). For the domestic airline industry there really isnt any major substitutes.The automobile industry and possibly the locomotive industry have the most influence here but if you are travelling from Sydney to Perth there really is no alternative to the airplane. The main determinants that make air travel non-substitutable include time taken to travel, the cost of travel, personal preference and convenience(Investopedia News and Articles, 2010). There a four major domestic airliners that have the majority of the market share in Australia Qantas, Virgin Blue, Tiger Airways and Jetstar (Dixon, 2006). With Qantas announcing recently that they are going to focus more closely on international services rather than domestic this could change the market share mix for the remaining three competitors. In considering the various forces that determine industry competition we can also draw a conclusion as to the profitability of the industry. Due to the aforementioned forc es we can say that the profitability of the airline industry is quite low, which is also evidenced by Porter (2008). With respect to Qantas we can say that the threats of new entrants in the market is not quite as high for them as they are offering a premium service, not low-cost and so the barriers to entry for premium services are much higher.Internal AnalysisValue Chain AnalysisValue is the measuring rod that buyers are willing to pay what for a firm provides them and the quantity it can sell. (Osegowitsch, 2011 82) Conducting a value chain analysis, a conceit popularized by Michael Porter, offers insight and arrangement of a business activities that give it sustainable, competitive advantage. Qantas offerings to the market, according to its mission statement as of its Annual encompass 2010, is safe,airline travel at reasonable prices to both international destinations and domestic ones, through its complementary brand Jetstar. The Qantas Group asserts that it strives for a s ustainable future through a two-brand strategy (that of Qantas and Jetstar) supported by its portfolio of business investments. This internal analysis will seek to examine The Qantas Groups strategy through assessing its primary activities and its support activities.They use Alta Inventory, which is an register management product. This system for example, has helped Qantas reminder rates and fares with immediacy. Alta Inventory provides instant data on demand and bookings to adjust pricing policy as potential passenger loads rise or fall. Alta enables Qantas decide where to make seats available at certain price levels (Amadeus case Study) According to CIO John Willett Design clarity means that major schedule changes are relatively easy to accommodate, allowing more efficient use of time of Qantas proficient staff. The flexibility that came with Alta allows Qantas to concentrate on revenue and how to improve it throughout the year. (Amadeus causal agent Study) With regard to ons ite inventory, Qantas has extensive inventory availability to support tending and overhaul programs for a wide range of customer engineering requirements.OperationsQantas is divided into 3 groups Commercial, Customer and merchandise, and Operations. Its Operations group comprises engineering, airports, catering, flight operations, operations think and control and Qantas Aviation Services. TheseTo keep their operations running efficiently, Qantas has its own engineering air division, called Qantas Engineering rejoin watchfulnessOften used in airline, hotel and advertising industries. Involves the concept of Qantas offering a perishable good being their airplane seat that if isnt sold prior to flight, will perish. For airlines, yield managers use wide accepted statistical tools to forecast seat demand, taking into account historical data and seasonal variables. For example, there is heavy demand on domestic routes during weekday summit periods and to leisure destinations during holiday periods, but there may be troughs in demand at other times. Each flight has its own individual forecast. Yield managers look at factors as diverse as economic swings which affect longer-term demand, seasonal schedule changes and changes in aircraft capacity to achieve an optimal mix of fares. In todays environment, and without yield management, airlines would find it more difficult to make a profit and customers would be denied the broad range of fares and services offered. (Qantas Fact Files)Marketing and salesQantas have their own customer and marketing division. They have heavy involvement in marketing and view it as critically important. The Still betoken Australia Home was re-launched given slump in profits in 2009. The original campaign cost $6m but in 2009 when it was re-launched, they deliberately just filmed in Australia and we have used the international footage we have from previous campaigns to manage the costs associated with it (The Australian, 2011) accordin g to CEO Alan Joyce. * Qantas appointed new head of Marketing in 2009 (http//www.bandt.com.au/ word/qantas-makes-marketing-move)Qantas secondary activitiesProcurementNormally, Qantas seeks proposals from various suppliers so as to maintain a level of competition amongst suppliers in an attempt at receiving the best offer. However occasionally, they do only seek the services of a single supplier. As is consistent with their procurement process, Qantas ask for formal bids or tenders and once they have been received, commence negotiations with potential suppliers. At times, this can replace the tendering process, but normally it is done alongside it, asa further step in their competitive benchmarking process. (Qantas Procurement give notice (of) p. 1)Ultimately, their aim is to source the best service from suppliers, at the most competitive price, in a manner that is understood and fair according to all participants. benevolent Resource ManagementThe Qantas Group employs approximate ly 37,000 people, 90% of which are based in Australia. (Qantas Website) The magnitude of Qantas operations and its abundance of employees have forced Qantas to develop competitive Human Resources (HR) strategies and maintain competitive advantage. HR is divided into four sections in The Qantas Group 1. CorporateThis includes responsibilities such as remuneration, employee benefits, industrial relations and other lynchpin tasks that fundamentally make this group in charge of forming strategies that will be carried through the other levels of HR 2. calling SegmentsHR teams within particular business segments of The Qantas Group, who deliver and implement the strategies as formulated at the Corporate level 3. Shared ServicesThe central support unit that offers to assist employees, respond to inquiries and essentially offer support in all the typical HR responsibilities such as recruitment and remuneration 4. Learning and DevelopmentThis branch relates to the development of nurture p rograms to teach, train and further improve Qantas employees.This layout of HR responsibilities is proven to be an effective structure for many large companies and has served Qantas effectively.Information TechnologyThe Qantas Groups IT division is predominantly based at a head office in Mascot, Sydney. The IT division consults and works within the areas such as * Project and Program Management * Business Systems Analysis* Testing and Quality Assurance* Services and Relationship Management* Architecture (Qantas Website Information Technology)InfrastructureQantas infrastructure is immense and naturally demanding of high volume and efficiency given the companys line of business. With a fleet of 254 aircraft, the maintenance of superior infrastructure (Qantas 2010 Annual Report, p. 9) , as coined by The Qantas Group, is imperative. The company manages the aircraft, in addition to 14 international lounges as well as several multi-tiered domestic lounges. The renewal of the fleet as wel l as other infrastructure is made possible through an investment-grade credit rating, making Qantas a desirable borrower for lenders. Furthermore, the company consistently experiences strong cash-flows and as such, is able to monitor and ensure high liquidity. The Qantas Groups infrastructure is supported by a system of effective borrowing and investing, as well as retained liquidity so its non-current assets and existing infrastructure is secure and kept up-to-date.Qantas Resources and CapabilitiesWhen analyzed simply, The Qantas Group boasts many capabilities/resources that potentially offer it competitive advantage, including * Resources * Airport locations/hangers* Engineering facilities* prepare personnel* In-flight food (Neil Perrys involvement) * Qantas lounges/restaurants * Storage facilities for inventory, ranging from machinery to uniforms * Training facilities for flight attendants and pilots * Capabilities * New IT systems to promote more efficient operations such as the evolution of e-tickets * New development in cost effective service (e.g. with food,cutting costs on ingredients or perhaps where the food is prepared) * New developments for the frequent flyer system to adapt to competitors similar concepts such as the Chairmans Lounge * Fleet development The airline has been constantly growing since its inception as a result of increasing fleets. Qantas has been purchasing Boeing aircraft makes like the 747-400.Bibliography1. Brueckner, J., & Pai, V. (2007). Technological Innovation in the Airline Industry The Impact of Regional Jets. International Journal of Industrial makeup , 27 (1), 110-120 2. Bureau of Intrastructure, Transport and Regional Economics. (2010). Avline 2009-10. Canberra Australian Government. 3. Bureau of Transport and Communications Economics. (1995). Deregulation of Domestic Aviation in Australia. Canberra Australian Government. 4. Dixon, G. (2006, February 23). Qantas not afraid of competition. The Age . 5. Douglas, E., & Cunningham, L. (1992). Competitive Strategies in Australias airline deregulation experience. School of Business Discussion Paper , Paper 28. 6. House Standing Committee on Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Local Government. (2009). The Global Financial Grisis and regional Australia. Canberra Commonwealth of Australia. 7. Investopedia News and Articles. (2010). The Industry Handbook The Airline Industry. Retrieved revered 17, 2011, from http//www.investopedia.com/features/industryhandbook/airline.aspaxzz1VGZxffGH 8. Ito, H., & Lee, D. (2005). Comparing the impact of the September 11 Terrorist Attacks on International Airline Demand. International Journal of the Economics of Business , 12 (2), 225-249. 9. Nuguid, A. (2011). IBIS World Industry Report I6402 Domestic Airlines in Australia. IBIS World. 10. Porter, M. (2008). The Five Competitive Forces that Shape Strategy. Harvard Business Review , 78-91. 11. Schulte, P., & Zhu, Y. (2005). Globalisation and Labour R elations in Australian Airlines Industry A Case Study of Pilot Experience. In A. Gupta (Ed.), 4th Global Conference on Business & Economics Proceedings (pp. 11-19). Lynchburg, United States of America Association for Business and Economics Research. 12. Osegowitsch, T., Strategic Management, McGraw-Hill AusTralia, NSW, 2011, p.

The Differences Between Internal And External Auditors Accounting Essay

The statue of national and international he atomic number 18rs in comp whatsoever is different. essential heargonr is integrated to the trade phoner or an remote specialised company or in former(a) words is an employee to the company. However external hearer and integrated to external specialised company and is an independent individual.Besides, ingrained and external hearer besides differs in end and quite a littlevasing process. For intragroup hearer, they monitor the direction and cheque of the legal conformity of the pecuniary statement. They besides nominate appropriate recommendation for the betterment administration procedure. For external hearer, they identify and certify the pecuniary statement. Besides, they besides measure out the internal control system but this is merely valid for financial accounting elements.Next, the range of the audit is different every bit good. The range of internal hearer is big which hobo cover the tout ensemble company s map. B ut for external hearer, the range is focal points on confirmation the issues that determine the fiscal standing and company s public presentation.Furthermore, the on the job period of audit is besides different. For internal hearer, they can arrive at lasting activity within the trade companies which is harmonizing to the article of association. For external hearer, the marks are fitfully organized and at suited minutes for the enfranchisement of histories.There is difference between internal and external hearer in term of their independency. Internal hearer is comparatively independence. But in other instance, if the internal auditing is performed by a 3rd company, they have the independency particular to the free-lances. For external hearer, they are independent to its client as representative of a free profession and regulated lawfully and statutory.Furthermore, internal and external hearer besides use different scrutinizing standard. Internal hearers whitethorn follow GAAS cri terion and sometimes they may follow IIA criterion or they may non follow any other particular criterion. However, external hearers are required to follow by and large accepted auditing criterions or international auditing criterions, but internal hearers do non.Guidance brand by internal hearer is different with external hearer as good. Internal hearer pull up stakes give suggestion to the direction for the betterment of concern whereas external hearer does non force to supply suggestion unless he was asked.Besides they besides have different responsibilities. Internal hearer unproblematic responsibility is to happen frauds and mistakes whereas external hearer has to find the concluding histories on whether it was true. If company found any error made by internal hearer, they can be removed by direction. For external hearer, they can be removed by stockholders.Fiscal statements were made by companies. Investors, creditors and bankers can do usage of the company s fiscal statemen ts to do their operating determination. Auditing exists in order to do user trust on these fiscal statement, place the fidelity of fiscal statement, and assist the user need concluding determination.The users can non psychometric testine and place each history in the fiscal statements by themselves although the users have to depend on the fiscal statements to do their determinations. Users depend on fiscal statements so much. But they would non hold adequate abilities and competency to make so even if they could make so. These fiscal statements are audited by independent and intelligent comptrollers or CPAs. Hearers will sporadically analyze each history in the fiscal statements for the application of users.For illustration, hearers will present a formal mail to the Bankss to look into the balances of hard currency or plus and note collectible or liability history. Besides, they will besides direct a mail to the providers and clients of companies to analyze the balance of histori es receivable and histories collectible. In short, hearers are the user s representatives to analyze the fiscal statements of studies. The users can non find whether the fiscal statements are near and dependable to show their fiscal place and public presentation if without scrutinizing.Hearers should supply with adequate accounting, and others related cognition. When on that point are new Torahs and ordinances, they have to accept related preparation and motive. Hearers should hold the character of honest, unsloped, and independent. They can non be influenced by the others in the companies. Besides, hearers besides must hold adequate abilities and competency. There will hold an exam held sporadically to prove whether comptrollers have plenty related cognition. Therefore, we can hold a high criterion of hearers.The cost of scrutinizing depends on the company s net income. The cost of scrutinizing may besides increase if gross(a) revenues incurred in a company turn up continuously and vice-versa. The cost of scrutinizing is high, but we can hold a high criterion and demand for our hearers. Therefore, a company is willing to pay for this dearly-won expertness.We can to the full mention to their sentiments in the fiscal statements because the hearers are trustable and dependable. Mentioning to their sentiments, we can cognize whether companies overstate or denigrate their plus and liabilities and whether their statements are faithful. With their sentiments, we can make up ones mind whether to depend on these fiscal statements to do our determinations. If the consequences of fiscal statements are trustable, this means the company did non exaggerate or minimize their histories. Therefore, we can utilize its fiscal statements to do our determination.hypertext transfer protocol //feaa.ucv.ro/AUCSSE/0036v3-027.pdfhypertext transfer protocol //studypoints.blogspot.com/2011/09/what-is-difference-between-internal_775.htmlhypertext transfer protocol //yuhanlo.blogspot. com/2006/01/importance-of-auditing.html